The Crusader States

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what were the 4 crusader states?
Antioch, Edessa, Tripoli and Jerusalem
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What was the new area called?
Outremer
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Why was Outremer in such a difficult situation for its own survival?
Most crusaders had gone home (difficult to hold the states), they depended on Muslim disunity (in decline), aid from west (declined as relations with Byzantine emperor declined), military orders, building of castles.
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Who became ruler of the county of Edessa? when?
Baldwin I of Boulogne when he captured it in 1098
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Who became ruler of the principality of Antioch? when?
Bohemund I of Taranto when he established it in 1098
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who became ruler of the county of Tripoli?
Raymond of Toulouse
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who became ruler of the kingdom of Jerusalem? when?
Godfrey of Bouillon after capture. he died in 1100 and Baldwin I became king
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Why was Edessa important?
fertile unlike other regions and so a crucial source of food, also helpful in keeping Antioch secure
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Why should Baldwin have not owned Edessa?
Baldwin swore the oath of fealty (oath of loyalty) and so Edessa should have been returned to the Byzantine Emperor
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How did the situation in Edessa decline?
it suffered from muslim raids and crusader rivalries and was no longer the rich city it was when it was first captured. An earthquake in 1114 made things worse
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what happened to the ruler of Antioch in 1100?
Bohemund I of Taranto was captured by a turkish trib and imprisoned from 100-1103. He eventually left the east in 1105
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Who took over Bohemund I of Taranto as ruler of Antioch?
his nephew, Tancred, at first as regent and then as prince
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What was the success of Tancred as ruler of Antioch?
he was able to expand territory with help from another Norman whom he could trust
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what did Tancred do to uphold the survival of Antioch when it was attacked by local Muslim rulers?
he avoided pitched battles, preserving his limited manpower and constructed a network of alliances built up on his borders to frustrate their intentions
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How did Raymond of Toulouse capture Tripoli? why was this beneficial?
he captured Tortosa and then advanced on Tripoli which was the main port for Damascus and so a useful strategic gain as supplies could be brought in from the west here.
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why did Godfrey not take the title of 'king' of Jerusalem
Jesus was king
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Who was Daimbert of Pisa? and how did he get what he wanted?
the new patriarch of Jerusalem who had put forward the claim of the church to the holy city. A fleet from Pisa came to enforce Diambert's views. Godfrey needed military support which he didnt have and so reluctantly agreed
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How did Godfrey's death cause problems for Jerusalem?
unclear who was heir
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Who took over Jerusalem after Godfrey died?
a message was sent to Baldwin of Edessa (Godfrey's brother) to take over
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what main problems were the crusader states facing?
no allied countries near by, Antioch defeated the battle of the field of blood, Edessa fell to Zengi, Zengi wanted to create a united Muslim Kingdom, rivalries between crusaders over who should reign when each ruler died, help from the west declined
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what were the 3 main factors for the survival of the crusader states?
rulers, castles, trade
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How was Baldwin I of Jerusalem a successful ruler in upholding the survival of Jerusalem?
captured coastal ports, repelled Fatimid attacks from Egypt, attracted settlers to his kingdom, built up a web of dependency
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How was Baldwin II of Jerusalem a successful ruler?
continued many of the practices of Baldwin I with help from the venetians, captured Tyre (useful seaport)
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why were castles important in upholding the survival of the crusader states?
hard to capture, both defensive and administrative, controlled passes, dominated areas, served military function
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give an example of a crusader castle
Krak des Chevaliers - greatest of the crusader castles, dominated the Homs Valley
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How did trade uphold the survival of the crusader states?
they had ports on the Mediterranean sea which provided a vital link to Europe for supplies and men. All ports flourished because of two-way trade. Trade routes from Syria had long been established. At local level, many rural settlements were built
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Why were the military order created?
to defend holy land, guard trade and pilgrim routes
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What was the aim of the order of the hospitallers?
they were supported by the funds from daughter hospices in Europe that were set up and they ministered to the poor and sick and ensured that those who died received a fitting burial
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How successful were the hospitallers?
donations and manpower grew rapidly providing a vital supply line in the east.
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Why was the knights templar established?
to provide protection for pilgrims on the road from the coast to Jerusalem and then to Jericho
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Why was the knights templar independence a problem for the crusader states?
they didn't have to pay taxes to the king and didn't have to follow the king's rules
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What was the new area called?

Back

Outremer

Card 3

Front

Why was Outremer in such a difficult situation for its own survival?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Who became ruler of the county of Edessa? when?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who became ruler of the principality of Antioch? when?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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