The Cognitive Interview

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  • Created by: Katie
  • Created on: 10-02-20 18:41
who created the cognitive interview
Fisher and Geiselman
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why did they create the cognitive interview
believed eye witness testimony could be imporved if the police used better techniques
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how did they believe they could imporve eye witness testimony
basing techniques off psychological insights into how memory works
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what are the 4 stages if the cognitive interview
1.report everything 2. reinstate the context 3.reverse the order 4. change perspective
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what happens in stage 1
report everything - report every single detail, no matter how trivial or unimportant
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why report everything
may trigger other, more substantial memories of the event
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what is stage 2 called
reinstate the context
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what happens in stage 2
witnesses return to crime scene (often in their mind is more appropriate) and imagine the environemtn and their emotions
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what type of forgetting is this linked to
context dependent forgetting
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what happens in stage 3
events should be recalled in a different chronological order to the original sequence e.g. from the middle to the beginning
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why is reversing the order important
prevents people reporting thir expectations of how the event must have happened, and it prevents dishonesty (harder to lie if reversed)
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what is stage 4 called
change perspective
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what occurs here
witness asked to recall the event from someone else's perspective
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why is this done
disrupts the effects of expectations and schema on recall - stops schema being recalled rather than actual event
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who went onto develop the enhanced cognitive interview
fisher et al
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what does the ECI focus on
the social dynamics of the interaction
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example of social dynamics
when the interviewer establishes eye contact, when they relinquish it
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other elements of the ECI (3 examples)`
reducing eye witness anxiety, minimising distractions and getting the witness to speak slowly
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A03
yay
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why might police be reluctant to use the cognitive interview
it is time consuming
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example of why its time consuming
need to establish a rapport with the witness and allow them time to relax
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why else is it time consuming
requires proper training, many forces may not be able to provide epople with this training, especially for the ECI
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why is time consuming ultimately a weakness
it is unlikely the proper CI is going to be used, meaning the best, mos accurate eye witness testimony may not be aquired
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NEXT POINT
yay
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what did milne and Bull conclude
some elements of the interview more valuable than others
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which elements did they find produced the best results
a combination of report everything and reinstate the context produced better recall than any of the others
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though, what did Milne and Bull also find
each individual element of the CI singly used produced more information than a normal police interview
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why can this be a flip point to time consuming
because if there is a time crunch then maybe police and use certain elements to be most efficient - mens they don't have to go through the whole process
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NEXT POINT
yay
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whose research supports the CI
Konnken et al's meta analysis
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what did they find in their meta analysis
in 0 studies, the ECI consitently provided more correct information than a standard police interview
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why is this a strength
indicate practical applications - benefits of using the ECI or even CI - more likely to catch criminals, beneficial to judicial system
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Card 2

Front

why did they create the cognitive interview

Back

believed eye witness testimony could be imporved if the police used better techniques

Card 3

Front

how did they believe they could imporve eye witness testimony

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what are the 4 stages if the cognitive interview

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Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what happens in stage 1

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