The Coastal Zone 0.0 / 5 ? GeographyCoastal zonesGCSEAQA Created by: TheA*StudentCreated on: 09-05-16 20:30 Fetch Length of water the wind blows over when creating a wave 1 of 38 Prevailing wind Direction that most of the wind comes from 2 of 38 Swash Waves breaking onto the shore 3 of 38 Backwash Water draining back down the beach 4 of 38 Constructive waves Waves that build up the beach, have a stronger swash, form gently sloping beaches and are quite frequence 5 of 38 Destructive waves Waves that erode the beach, have a stronger backwash, form steep sloping beaches and are less frequent 6 of 38 Wave refraction Bending of waves when meeting a bay and headlands 7 of 38 Abrasion Broken rock fragments thrown by water at a cliff face, which breaks 8 of 38 Hydraulic action Waves hit the cliff face and air and water is trapped in cracks, later expanding and breaking the cliff 9 of 38 Corrosion/solution Chemical action of the sea on rocks 10 of 38 Attrition Material carried by the waves crashes into other material 11 of 38 Longshore drift The movement of material down the beach by waves having a swash in the direction of prevailing wind and a backwash straight backwards 12 of 38 Weathering Break up or decay of rocks 13 of 38 Biological weathering Weathering caused by living organisms such as tree roots or burrowing animals 14 of 38 Mechanical weathering Weathering by physical force (eg freeze-thaw) 15 of 38 Chemical weathering Weathering by a chemical reaction (eg acid rain reacting with limestone) 16 of 38 Freeze-thaw weathering Water repeatedly freezing and thawing inside cracks in rocks, expanding the rock and breaking it apart 17 of 38 Wave cut notch Waves break on base of cliff, eventually eroding so much that the top of the cliff falls and the process repeats 18 of 38 Headland Resistant rock left jutting out after erosion 19 of 38 Bay Less resistant rock eroded away between headlands 20 of 38 Discordant coastline Coastline with alternating resistant and less resistant rock 21 of 38 Concordant coastline Coastline with one type of rock along its length 22 of 38 Sea stack Column in the sea created by erosion 23 of 38 Spit Accumulation of deposited material as a result of longshore drift 24 of 38 Tombolo Formed when a spit continues to grow out to sea 25 of 38 Bar Formed when a spit meets a headland- will have a lagoon behind it 26 of 38 Hold the line Taking action to keep the line of coast where it currently is (eg with a sea wall) 27 of 38 Advance the line Active intervention to produce a defence line along the coast (eg increasing size of the beach) 28 of 38 Managed retreat Allowing the land to flood and erode 29 of 38 Hard engineering schemes Man made structures to work against natural coastal processes 30 of 38 Soft engineering schemes Man made but natural looking structures working with natural coastal processes 31 of 38 Slumping Rain water seeping down through cliff, reducing friction and causing them to slope down 32 of 38 Eustatic Sea level changing globally 33 of 38 Istotatic Land changing locally (resulting in sea level change) 34 of 38 Thermal expansion Sea levels rise due to temperature rise because the water expands 35 of 38 Isostatic rebound/uplift When ice on land melts, the land below it rises as though it were a compressed sponge, making sea levels appear to have lowered 36 of 38 Pioneer plant First plant species to colonise a harsh area to live in 37 of 38 Vegetation succession A sequence of vegetation species colonising an environment 38 of 38
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