The Chinese Communist Party - Chapter 2 of Revision book

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When was the CCP founded?
July 1921
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Who did the CCP first look to for advice?
Russia, Marxism and Comintern
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What was Marxism?
Karl Marx was a German philosopher/ economist whose work, Das Kapital, was the basic text for communist revolutionaries in many countries.
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What was Comintern?
In October 1917 the world's first communist revolution, led by Lenin, happened in Russia following the revolution. The Russian Communists established an international organisation, the Comintern, to spread their communist ideas to other countries.
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What was the USSR?
In 1922 the communist regime in Russia established the USSR to bring together a number of countries that had formerly been part of the Russian Empire.
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What aid did the CCP first receive from the Comintern?
Money and training for its members, many of which were sent to Moscow.
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What did the Comintern ask for in return of their assistance?
The CCP was expected to follow the strategy laid down by the military advisers.
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How did Russia aid the GMD?
The Russian Government gave military assistance to the GMD. GMD leaders such as Jiang Jieshi were sent to Moscow for military and political training and the USSR provided money to set up the Whampoa Academy.
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What was the Long March?
The Communist forces trekked over 6000 miles over difficult terrain and under regular attack to reaach the area around Ya'nan
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How many Communists survived the Long March?
Of around 80,000 that had begun the journey, only about 5,000 arrived in Ya'nan.
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How did the Long March impact the CCP?
It was a serious defeat and left them weaker than ever. It also demonstrated the power and force of the GMD against them.
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Why did the Long March begin?
In 1927, Jiang Jieshi and his supporters launched an attack against the communists and this was followed by a series of military campaigns to eradicate the communists. It could have arguably been their best chance of survival.
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What was the Politburo?
A ruling council of the Chinese Communist Party.
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What was the Twenty-Eight Bolsheviks (The returned students)
Chinese Communists who had been sent to the Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow for training by the Russian Communist Party; they returned to China at different times and never formed an effective faction with the CCP.
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What was the political power struggle within the CCP?
Struggle for control over CCP between those who unquestionably aimed to follow the Comintern's lead and those who wanted to establish a more independent Chinese Communist Party.
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What was the ideological power struggle within the CCP?
Between those who believed that the orthodox Marxism should be followed slavishly by all Communists and those who believed the theory should be adapted to Chinese circumstances.
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When did Mao become Chairman of the CCP?
1936
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How did Mao initially establish his power within the CCP?
- Became Chairman of military and politburo / - Made important alliances with other communists (Zhou Enlai)
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What was the Ya'nan Rectification Campaign?
Mao launched a purge against critics within the campaign. It involved forcing the Party Members to study texts (many of which had been written by Mao himself) and attend struggle meetings.
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What were struggle meetings?
Members would have to make self-humiliating criticisms in front of the other members of the Party.
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What were the main ideas within Mao Zedong Thought?
- The importance of Peasants as a revolutionary class / - National Self reliance / -Continuing Revolution/ - Class Struggle/-Learning from the people/-Mass Mobilisation/-A national revolution
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What were the percentage of industrial workers in Chinese society in the early 1920s?
Only 1% of the population
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What did Mao think about the peasants?
Since they made up the vast majority of the Chinese population, they had the potential to become a revolutionary force.
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National Self-Reliance - What did Mao aim to do with this goal?
Mao wanted to remove Western Power within China and for it to be restored as a powerful independent nation.
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Policies of CCP?
- United Front / - Land Reform / -Social Reform
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Policies of CCP - A United Front (EXPLAIN)
Mao recognised the GMD as a large power and despite the history of the two groups, he wanted them to unite. Mao argued that the CCP cooperated with the GMD's Three Principles and so they could work together in defense of the nation's territory.
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Policies of CCP - Land Reform (EXPLAIN)
CCP's long term aim was to confiscate land from the wealthy landlords and richer peasants to redistribute to poorer peasants. This could risk potential allies and so the policy mainly focused on securing rent reductions for poorer peasants.
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What were the CCP's Land Reform policies at different years?
Early 1930s: CCP followed radical approach, killing wealthy landlords and confiscation of land / After 1937: adopted more moderate approach, securing rent reductions and better farming methods / 1946: Return to radical approach
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When was the United Front secured?
1937
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When was the breakdown of the United Front?
1946
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Policies of CCP - Social Reform (EXPLAIN)
Wanted to improve lives for the minorities (women) and improve education amongst the Peasants.
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Examples of Social Reform policy being used?
In Ya'nan, they ended the practice of arranged marriages and gave women more freedom of choice and economic opportunities. / Steps were taken to improve literacy amongst the peasants.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Who did the CCP first look to for advice?

Back

Russia, Marxism and Comintern

Card 3

Front

What was Marxism?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was Comintern?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was the USSR?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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