The changing landscapes of the uk

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What does geology mean?
The science that deals with the physical structure of the Earth, it’s history and how it changes.it includes rock type
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What does composition mean?
What a material is made up of
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What are fossils ?
The remnants of prehistoric organisms such as fish bones or leaf imprints which have been embedded in rock.
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What does resistant mean?
Strong rocks which can withstand weathering and erosion
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What are sedimentary rocks formed in?
Sedimentary rocks are formed in layers the layers are called sediments and and are formed from erroded and weathered rock debris being transported and deposited over time and more layers the bottom ones become more compacted forming rocks e.g sandsto
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What are the layers of sedimentary rocks called?
Sediments
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What sedimentary rock was created by layers of Dead Sea creatures being compacted over millions of years?
Chalk
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What are other exsamples of sedimentary rock?
Sandstone,limestone,clay
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What do sedimentary rocks often contain ?
Fossils
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What has igneous rock formed from?
Magma or molten rock
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Igneous rock can be intrusive or extrusive.what does this mean?
Extrusive means that it is formed on top of the earth crust normally erupted from a volcano which means it cools quickly causing it to form rocks that contain crystals such as basalt.
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What happens to the speed that magma cools if it is intrusive ?
It coools slowly
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What impact does this have on the size of the crystals in the intrusively formed igneous rock
They are larger
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Give an example of an igneous rock that has formed intrusively ?
Granite
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What happens to the speed of magma as it cools if it is extrusive ?
It cools faster
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What impact does this have on the soze of the crystals in the extusively formed igneous rock?
The crystals are smaller
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Give an exsample if igneous rock that has formed extrusivly?
Basalt
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What would you say about the resistance about igneous rock?
They are very resistant rocks
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How have metamorphic rocks formed?
They are formed from sedimaenatry or igneous rocks that have been put under great heat or pressure however have not melted into magma
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Do they have crystals ?
They have crystals that can be arranged in layers
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What metamorphic rock is formed from shale?
Slate
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What metamorphic rock contains swished fossils?
Marble
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Where in the uk can we find sedimentary rocks ?
All across England the lowlands
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Where in the uk can we find igneous rocks?
Northern Scotland
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Where in the uk can we find metamorphic rocks?
Scotland and northern island
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What is the earths crust broken up into?
Plates
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What happens where these plates are moving away from each other?
New crust is created
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What happens where these plates are moving away from each other ?
The lowlands of the uk indicates we use to be near a shallow tropical ocean and over time englng has been moving as the ddivergoing plate boundaries move
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What are the four type stuff of transportation ?
Traction,saltration,suspension and solution
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What is traction?
Larger boulders and rocks are rolled along the river bed
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What is saltation?
Small pebbles and stones bounced along the river bed
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What is suspension?
Fine , light material is carried along by the river
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What is solution?
Minerals are dissolved in the water. This is a chemical change
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What is deposition and when does it happen?
As the river reaches flatter land or the sea reaches the coast it loses energy. This means it deposits it’s load which can create new landforms .
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What is mass movement?
It commonly happens on banks of rivers and cliffs it involves large areas of land moving down the slope leaving behind a curved surface this happens beCuse of gravity
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What type of mass movement have we looked at in particular?
Slumping and sliding
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Explain how slumping and sliding happens ?
During dry weather the clay sheiks and cracks when it rain the cracks fill with water it becomes saturated with water this weakens the rock due to the pull of gravity and the weight of the saturated soil slips down the slope leaving a curved surface
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What is the difference between weathering and erosion
Weathering is the break down of rock in situ whereas erosion is the wearing away and removal of land by the actions of river,ice,sea and wind
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What are three types of weathering ?
Physical,chemical,biological
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What is physical weathering ?
Also know as freeze thaw water gets into the cracks of rocks when the temperature goes below freezing the water freezes and expands 10% as it turns into ice this puts pressure on the rock increasing the size of the cracks over time this causes the
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What is chemical weathering??
Rainwater contains weak acids that can react with certain rock types the carb ones in limestone are dissolved by these weak acids this causes the rock to break up and disintergrate
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What is the biological weathering??
Seeds that fall into cracks in rocks the seeds start to grow when moisture is present the roots force their way into cracks,increasing the size of the cracks burrowing animals widen the cracks further this results on the breakup of rock
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What are the four types of erosion?
Hydraulic action, corrasion ,corrosion,attrition
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Explain how hydraulic action wears away rock ?
The pressure of the water being pushed against the banks and beds of the river
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Explain how corrasion wears away rock?
Particles carried along the river rub and wear swat at the rock on the bed and banks
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Explain how corrosion wears away rock?
A chemical reaction between certain rock types and river water. The acid in the water wears away the rock
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Explain how attrition wears away rock?
The rock and pebbles hit each other and break down into smaller and smoother pieces or wear away to form sand
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What type of rock has created the uk’s upland areas?
Igneous rock
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What impact did the ice age have on this land ?
It gouged out areas from the top of mountains then melted to form springs
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What continues to shape the land today.
Weathering,erosion and rivers
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What shaped the lowland areas during the last ice age ??
The glaciers melted causeingshallow tropical ice asbestos to form
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Give an exsample of an upland area of the uk made of granite?
Dartmoor
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What are cracks in granite called?
Grykes
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What are distinct landformes at the Yorkshire Dales?
Cliffs , deep gorges , impressive valleys , beautiful waterfalls and limestone pavements
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Give a named exsample of a distinct landform in the Yorkshire’s dales what is is and what doesn’t it have on top of it?
Malham cove it is a limestone cliff and on top it has a large waterfall
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does composition mean?

Back

What a material is made up of

Card 3

Front

What are fossils ?

Back

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Card 4

Front

What does resistant mean?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are sedimentary rocks formed in?

Back

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