The Cell Lecture 4

Fluid mosaic model

bilayered structures that perform physiological roles, form boundaries between cells/their environments, regulate molecule movement into/out of cells

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Transmembrane proteins

span entire length of membrane

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Peripheral membrane proteins

not embedded

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Unequal distribution of proteins

specialization of certain regions

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Glycolipid

carbohydrate-bound lipid

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Glycoproteins

carbohydrate in membrane is covalently bonded to proteins, enable cells to be recognized by other cells/proteins

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Tight junctions

specialised, link adjacent epithelial cells, restrict migration of proteins and phospholipids, prevent substances moving through intercellular space.

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Desmosomes

hold adjacent cells together, have dense plaques that are attached to cytoplasmic fibres + membrane cell adhesion proteins

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Membrane cell adhesion proteins

bind to the proteins of an adjacent cell

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Gap junctions

facilitate communication between cells, made up of specialized protein channels (connexons)

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Connexons

span membranes of two adjacent cells, made of connexins

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Connexins

snap together to generate a pore

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Diffusion rate is determined by...

temperature, size, charge + concentration gradient

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Primary active transport

cations e.g. sodium, potassium + calcium

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Secondary active transport

uses established gradients and uses ATP indirectly

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Phagocytosis

cell eating, common among unicellular protists, white blood cells

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Pinocytosis

cell drinking, involves vesicle formation

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Receptor-mediated endocytosis

receptor proteins exposed on outside of cell in 'coated pits', clathrin molecules form 'coat', after vesicle buds into cytoplasm, coat dissassembles, clathrin is recycled, vesicle transported to a variety of locations

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Exocytosis

materials packaged in vesicles are secreted from the cell

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Membrane functions

information processing, energy transformation

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Inner mitochondrial membrane

converts energy of fuel molecules to energy in ATP

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Thylakoid membranes

involved in conversion of light energy in photosynthesis

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Get Revising

The Cell Lecture 4

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