Incoming solar radiation (insolation) and outgoing radiation.
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What does higher insolation lead to?
Higher surface temperatures.
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How can heat budget records be linked to global warming?
Over the last few 1000 years geological records show that the energy budget remained constant but over the past few decades there has been evidence for global warming.
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How much of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere?
14%
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How much of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by clouds?
3%
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How much of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by land and oceans?
51%
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How much of incoming solar radiation is reflected by the atmosphere?
6%
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How much of incoming solar radiation is relected by clouds?
27%
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How much of incoming solar radiation is reflect by the Earth's surface?
2%
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How much radiation is transferred from the Earth to the atmosphere by convection and conduction?
8%
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How much radiation is transferred from the Earth to the atmosphere by evaporation?
26%
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How much outgoing radiation is transferred from the atmosphere?
58%
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How much outgoing radiation is transferred directly from the Earth?
8%
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What can solar radiation reflected by the atmosphere, clouds and Earth be referred to as?
Albedo 35
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What do we refer to as long-wave terrestrial radiation?
Outgoing radiation from the atmosphere and direct from Earth's surface.
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How much incoming solar radiation reaches Earth's surface? Why?
24% due to reflection, absorption and scattering
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Overall, does Earth's surface have a net gain or deficit of energy?
Gain.
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Which regions have a deficit of energy? How much is this deficit?
Polar regions. 24%.
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Does the atmosphere have a net gain or deficit of energy?
Deficit.
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How is heat transferred from Earth's surface to the atmosphere?
Radiation, conduction and release of latent heat.
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Why are the polar regions not colder and the equatorial regions not hotter?
Heat is transferred between the two by air and water movement (winds and ocean currents).
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does higher insolation lead to?
Back
Higher surface temperatures.
Card 3
Front
How can heat budget records be linked to global warming?
Back
Card 4
Front
How much of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere?
Back
Card 5
Front
How much of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by clouds?
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