The Anarchy 1138-1154

1. King of Scotland who categorically refused to recognise Stephen as his lord. (5, 1)
4. Stephen's eldest son (7, 2, 8)
9. Husband of Empress Matilda and father of Henry II of England. (8, 11)

2. 18-year-old second wife of Henry I. Henry remained married to her until his death in 1135, but the couple produced no children. (7)
3. Son of Henry I and Matilda who died in the White Ship Disaster (1120). (7, 6)
5. Blood relationship by descent from a common ancestor. The Church prohibited marriage with seven degrees of this. (12)
6. 'By right of wife'. Throughout the Middle Ages, this enabled male nobility to claim rights to possession of any lands held by their wives. (4, 6)
7. Peace treaty finalised between Stephen and Henry FitzEmpress in November 1153 which brought an end to the civil war in England. Under the terms of the treaty, Stephen remained king of England but recognised Henry FitzEmpress as heir apparent. (6, 2, 10)
8. Nephew of Henry I; later King of England. (7, 2, 5)

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