A group of notes played in ascending or descending order.
Scale
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Playing the notes of a chord one by one
Arpeggio
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Move mainly by step (next door notes like C-D) and sound smooth.
Conjunct melodies
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Use a lot of leaps (bigger intervals) rather than step movement. They will sound spiky and are much harder to sing!
Disjunct melodies
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Melodies use the notes from a triad (3 note chord)
Triadic
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Melodies that follow the order of a particular scale. Similar to conjunct melodies except that a scalic melody can only move up or down to the next note of the scale, whereas a conjunct melody can have a few little jumps.
Scalic melodies
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A five note scale. Often used in Chinese, African & Celtic Folk
Pentatonic scale
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A scale made up of only whole tones
Whole tone scale
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Scale made up of semitones (smallest interval e.g. C-C#).
Chromatic scale
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Doubling the note values/lengths of the original tune
Augmentation
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Halving the note values/lengths of the original tune
Diminution
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Came before scales. E.g. play D-D on the white notes. Often used in early music, folk and jazz.
Modes
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Are the notes in between the notes of the harmony
Passing notes
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The flattened notes in a Blues Scale
Blue notes
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When a tune is repeated a step higher (ascending sequence) or a step lower (descending sequence).
Sequence
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A slide between 2 notes
Glissando/Portamento
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Bending the note on a guitar or any string instrument/voice or keyboard/synthesizer.
Pitch bend
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Decorating the melody with ornaments such as trills (2 adjacent notes played rapidly).
Ornamentation
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3 notes starting and ending on the same note with the middle note either a step higher or lower
Mordents - (upper and lower)
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A repeated rhythm or tune
Ostinato (classical) / Riff (pop)
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A musical sentence (where you’d naturally take a breath). Often 2, 4 or 8 bars long
Phrase
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How to play the notes:
Articulation
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Short, detached notes.
Staccato
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Smooth. Indicated by a slur
Legato
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Notes played with more force.
Accent
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When a player makes the music up on the spot. In jazz/blues/pop players will often improvise a solo – commonly on a guitar/sax/trumpet/keyboard.
Improvisation
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How the different parts of the piece are woven together
Texture
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One single melody line. No harmonies, but it may be played/sung by more than one instrument/voice.
Monophonic
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When everyone sings/plays one part together- monophonic
Unison
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If the instruments/voices are an octave apart this is called being in octaves
Octaves
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A texture where all parts (melody and accompaniment) move in the same (more or less) rhythm creating a chordal effect. The accompaniment is supporting one clear melody.
Homophonic (or harmonic)
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Playing the notes of the chord separately, one after the other. Broken Chords provide a more flowing accompaniment than when played as block chords
Broken Chords
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A texture where 2 or more equally important melodies interweave
Polyphonic / Contrapuntal
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Is a particular type of imitation. It’s like a round, where the imitating part repeats the entire melody and not just a few motes of it.
* Canon
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Stereo effect as a musical phrase is passed from one group of performers to another. E.g. like two choirs singing alternate phrases standing in different places in a church. Early religious vocal music was antiphonal
Antiphonal
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A phrase is repeated (imitated – so not necessarily exactly the same!). Could be one instrument/voice imitating itself, or 2 or more imitating each other.
Imitation
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The gap in pitch between two notes.
Back
Interval
Card 3
Front
A group of notes played in ascending or descending order.
Back
Card 4
Front
Playing the notes of a chord one by one
Back
Card 5
Front
Move mainly by step (next door notes like C-D) and sound smooth.
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