Textiles GCSE AQA

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What can wool be used for?
Making anything from delicate wool garments to household fabrics to heavy duty carpets
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Why is wool renewable and sustainiable?
Sheep can live for 10-20 years and provide a constant source- they are shorn at least once a year and continue to grow wool after shearing
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What are the benefits of wool?
A natural insulator that keeps you warm in winter and cool in summer, naturally absorbent because it wicks water away from the body, it is water repellent, highly durable and strong, wrinkle resistant, easy to clean and renewable and sustainable
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How is wool fibre turned into material?
It's cleaned, separated, straightened and then spun into yarn to make garments, fabrics or wool for hand knitting
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What is organic cotton?
A more environmentally friendly cotton, grown without toxic chemicals
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What is GM cotton
It is genetically modified cotton, it reduces the use of pesticides
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What are biofibres?
These are made from renewable plants such as bamboo, sweetcorn, soya bean and wood
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How is bamboo fibre made?
Bamboo pulp is treated with chemicals to make a regenerated cellulose fibre, it is extruded into filaments then the fibres are spun and mended
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What are the properties of bamboo fabric?
It is soft, more absorbent than cotton, wicks moisture away from the body, is naturally antibacterial and is 100% biodegradable
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How are soya bean fibres made?
The fibre is made by liquefying the protein, then wet spinning it into long, continuous fibres that are cut and processed
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What are the properties of fabrics made with soya bean fibre?
They are soft, with moisture wicking properties of cotton and the luxurious feel of cashmere. Used for bedding and towels
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Cotton
Made from cotton fibres from a plant, its cool to wear, fairly strong, soft to touch and is water absorbent. Used for tops, bags, cushions, waistcoats, towels
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Wool
Made from fibres from sheep, its warm to wear, a good insulator, is crease resistant, drapes well, is water absorbent and has good elasticity, is used for knitted sweaters, blankets, dresses, blazers, scarves, carpets
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Silk
Made by silkworms, its soft to touch, has good drape, is cool to wearm is water absorbent, is strong and is used for cushions, ties, wall hangings, wedding dresses, dresses, scarves
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Linen
A natural fibre made from flax fibre, it is cool to wear, water absorbent, strong and easily creases. It is used for skirts, shirts, cushions, tea towels, curtains
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Polyester
A synthetic fabric made from chemicals coming from oil and coal, it has excellent strength, prevents creases, is water repellent, and is easy to care for. It is used for blouses, shirts, cushions- the fibres can be altered to change properties
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Elastomeric (spandex or lycra)
Has good elasticity, enhances stretching properties. Used for sportswear, trousers, socks, tights and underwear
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Viscose
A regenerated fabric with good strength, fair absorbency, and is good for dyeing, it is absorbent, soft with good drape, is washable and comfortable. It is used for linings for trousers, jackets cushions and bags
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Acrylic
Regenerated fibre from wood pulp, is easy to care for, warm to wear, has a good strength and is soft and smooth, it is often used for knitwear, carpets, suits, trousers, underwear and linings
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4 fibres used for fabric:
Vegetable (cotton and linen) Animal (wool, silk and angora) Regenerated (viscose, modal, acetate and lyocell) Synthetic (acrylic, polyester and nylon)
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What is weaving?
2 yarns are woven together at right angles, the fabric made is strong and is used for jeans, trousers and shirts
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What is a plain weave?
Weaving in a criss cross pattern and makes fabrics used for furnishings and fashion
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What is twill weave?
Gives a diagonal pattern and is very strong, used for jeans and curtaing
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What is satin weave?
designed to give a shiny surface for fabrics used for dresses
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What is knitting?
A process of interlocking yarns used for t-shirts, sweatshirts and hoodies
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What are non woven fabrics?
made by bonding fibres using heat, needle felting or adhesives
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Why are fibres blended?
Properties are blended, it improves the performance, comfort, appearance and the after care of the fibre and can also save costs on expensive fabrics
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Polyester/cotton blend
Fabrics are easier to care for, they are more crease resistant
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Cotton/Lycra blend
Jeans are more comfortable, stretchy and fit better than cotton jeans
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Acrylic/wool blend
This saves on cost
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Microfibres
These are synthetic fibres which are extremely fine- include polyester, tactel and nylon. They are strong, elastic, absorbent, crease resistant, relatively warm and not very flammable
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Micro-encapsulation
These fabrics change with touch and can involve, perfume, medicines, odour or insect repellents
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What are smart materials?
Sense their conditions and respond to them accordingly, then revert to their original state
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Phase Changing Materials PCM
Regulates a fabrics temperature, either heating it up or cooling it down
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Memory textiles
Shape memory polymers which react to the environment, often used in matresses, the shape memory foam moulds to the shape of he body but then goes back when the pressure is removed
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Electro textiles
Conductive fibres can be woven in with the other fibres in the fabric to make touch sensitive fabrics. Fibre optics can be made into wearable electronics
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What is a commercial printing method?
Rotary screen printing, where rollers have different colours and print the colour ways for clothing and furnishings
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What does hand-dyeing involve?
Fabrics are immersed in a hot bath of the dye, the dye should be agitated so the dye reaches all parts of the fabric. When the desired colour is achieved it should be removed and the excess dye should be rinsed. The dye should be fixed with mordant
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What is a commercial dyeing method?
Continuous dyeing, the fabric is passed through a dye bath and then squeezed between rollers
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why is wool renewable and sustainiable?

Back

Sheep can live for 10-20 years and provide a constant source- they are shorn at least once a year and continue to grow wool after shearing

Card 3

Front

What are the benefits of wool?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How is wool fibre turned into material?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is organic cotton?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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