Aramid fibres - to make clothing/equiptment more safe/durable
Kevlar, Nomex, Zylon, Cordura
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Elastomeric Fibres
Lycra, Spandex
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Polyacrylic
Acrylic
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Properties of Cellulose Fibres
Strong, absorbs moisture - long time to dry, washed and ironed at high temp, crease badly and shrink, easy to set alight.
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Wool
Soft, warm because of the natural crimp. does not crease easily, natural water repellent. Absorbs moisture, does not set alight + Shrinks.
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Silk
lightweight, smooth and has lustre. strong fibre, weak when wet, warm and absorbant, creases easily and is expensive.
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Viscose
similar to cotton, absorbant, not very strong, shrinks, silky feel.
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synthetic fibres
eg.polyester,nylon. strong, lightweight, dry quickly, (not waterproof!) they are thermoplastic - soft when hot, dry fibres, do not set alight - melt and drip.
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reasons to blend fibres
reduce cost, different texture, strength, make a fabric with specific qualities
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giving yarns texture?
a false twist, Bulked continuous filament - jet of hot fluid pushed thermoplastic yarns against a cold surface. Air jet texture - a jet of compressed air is directed at continuous filament yarn.
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plain weave
simplest weave, inexpensive, good for printing, firm, strong.
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Twill weave
produce diagonal lines, hard wearing, eg. denim
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Satin weave
smooth and lustrous appearance
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velvet
warp pile weave
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Velveteen
weft pile weave
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Corduroy and needlecord
pile runs parallel to selvedge (needlecord very thin)
growing cotton uses valuable land that could be used for crops, growing cotton uses fertilizers that can pollute waters, be a health risk to people and farmers, uses vast amount of waters
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ethical and social
less developed countries - paid unfairly to work long hours in poor working conditions using dangerous machinery.
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