Terminology

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Received pronunciation
(RP) instantly recognisable accent often described as the 'Queens English'. It Is often associated with educated speakers and formal speech. It has connotations of prestige and authority, but also of privilege and arrogance
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accent
distinctive way of pronouncing a language
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neologism
newly coined word not yet accepted in the English language. E.g Spork
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sociolect
the dialect of a particular social class
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lexeme
a lexeme roughly corresponds to a set of forms taken by a single word. E.g run, running, ran, runs are all forms of the same lexeme 'run'.
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derivation
the process of forming a word on the basis of an existing word. E.g the derivational suffix of 'ly' changes adjectives into adverbs, slow to slowLY
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dialect
a specific form of language that is particular to a specific region or social group
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idiolect
habits of speech particular to a specific person
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slang
a type of language consisting of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people.
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jargon
special words or expressions used by a profession or group that are difficult for others to understand.
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register
the way people use different words, spelling or grammar—talk or write differently—to different people, in different situations.
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polysyllabic
a word having more than one syllable. E.g children
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acronym
an abbreviation from the initial letters of a group of words. E.g NASA
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abbreviation
a shortened word or phrase
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hyponym
term used to designate a particular member of a broader class. E.g daisy and rose are hyponyms for flower. Or, stare, gaze and view are hyponyms for the verb look
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Antonym
the opposite word of another. E.g bad and good
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semantic change
a word that has changed meaning over time. E.g Gay
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collocation
a collocation is a series of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance. E.g doing the dishes
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plurality
the state of being plural.
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modifier
Modifiers that appear before the headword are called premodifiers. Modifiers that appear after the headword are called postmodifiers. the headword is usually a noun and the modifier is usually an adjective.
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co-ordination
joins two independent clauses that contain related ideas of equal importance.
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subordination
Joining two related ideas of unequal importance.
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declarative
give order, do not ask questions. E.g 'pass me the cheese' instead of 'could you pass me the cheese?'
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interrogative
word or question word is a function word used to ask a question. E.g Is Hannah sick?
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exclamatory
expressing surprise, strong emotion, or pain.
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interjection
an abrupt remark, especially as an aside or interruption
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modal verbs
modals show if we believe something is certain, possible or impossible. E.g could, should, would, might , may
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deixis
referring to a time, place or person
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time deixis
before, recently, later, tomorrow , now
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place deixis
there, here
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person deixis
you, I, he , she
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cohesion
how SENTENCES link to each other, how we are able to tell were not just listening to a string of sentences.
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coherence
the effect where the text creates, lexically and semantically, a world that corresponds to human experiences
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adjacency pair
conversational turn taking. E.g 'hi' , 'hello!'
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pseudo speech
appears to be a word but is not, has no meaning. like a vocable that conforms to expectations of English language.
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phatic talk
has a social function, such as to start a conversation, greet someone, or say goodbye, rather than an informative function.
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implicature
suggests or implies, though not literally addressed
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context dependancy
statement of meaning that relies upon a situation, background, or environment for proper interpretation.
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accommodation
the ways individuals adjust their speech to match others
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denotive and connotive
Denotation is when you mean what you say, literally. Connotation is created when you mean something else, something that might be initially hidden.
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figurative language
to describe something in a non literary way
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hypernyms
words that label categories. E.g animals
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levels of formality
colloquial, taboo, formal, informal
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occupational register
technical register associated with a certain occupation or activity
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politeness
the awareness of others needs to be approved or liked
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discourse markers
words or phrases that help organise what we write
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disjuncts
words or phrases that work to express an attitude or stance towards phrase that follows. E.g 'sadly, they all died', 'sadly' would be the disjunct
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narrative structure
how events, actions and processes are sequenced then recounting a story
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anaphoric reference
making reference to something already identified in the text
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cataphoric reference
making reference to something unidentified in the text. E.g 'it was small. it was fluffy. it was a rabbit'
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intertextuality
the use of discourse from one field to another. E.g science discourse in selling beauty products
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exophoric reference
making reference to to things beyond the language of a text. E.g 'look at that'
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representation
how experiences, views and ideas are re-presented to readers to influence their way of seeing the world
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

distinctive way of pronouncing a language

Back

accent

Card 3

Front

newly coined word not yet accepted in the English language. E.g Spork

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

the dialect of a particular social class

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

a lexeme roughly corresponds to a set of forms taken by a single word. E.g run, running, ran, runs are all forms of the same lexeme 'run'.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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