Violent shaking of the earth due to the movement on a fault.
Earthquake
1 of 36
The location where molten material is erupting on the Earth's surface.
Volcano
2 of 36
Large ocean waves created by earthquakes or landslides within the ocean.
Tsunami
3 of 36
A large area of the Earth's crust which is stable moves slowly around the Earth's surface.
Tectonic plate
4 of 36
The edge of a tectonic plate where tectonic activity is most focused.
Plate boundary
5 of 36
Where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other allowing magma to rise through the gap created
Constructive plate boundary
6 of 36
Where two tectonic plates are moving towards each other and the denser plate gets subducted.
Destructive plate boundary
7 of 36
Where two continental tectonic plates move towards eachother but neither is subducted. Instead, both plates rise up to create mountains.
Collision plate boundary
8 of 36
Where two tectonic plates are moving past each other either in opposite directions or in the same direction at different speeds.
Conservative plate boundary
9 of 36
Earthquakes that occur in the middle of a tectonic plate rather than on the margins.
Intra plate earthquakes
10 of 36
Volcanic eruptions that occur in the middle of a tectonic plate rather than on the margins.
Intra plate volcanism
11 of 36
Movement of hot material in the Mantle which is thought to be the primary driver of tectonic plate movement.
Convection current
12 of 36
A distinct column of hot mantle material which is rising towards the surface of the Earth, creating intra-plate volcanism.
Mantle plume
13 of 36
The theory of how tectonic plates move around the Earth's surface.
Plate tectonics
14 of 36
The coolest and thinnest part of the Earth, made up of Continental and Oceanic crust.
Crust
15 of 36
The large area of molten rock which acts in a plastic fashion between the Crust and the Core of the Earth.
Mantle
16 of 36
The liquid outer sphere of the Earth's Core, primarily comprising Iron and Nickel, this layer is where the Earth's magnetic field is generated.
Outer core
17 of 36
The solid inner sphere of the Earth's Core, primarily comprising Iron and Nickel.
Inner core
18 of 36
A record of the orientation of past magnetic fields recorded in igneous rocks as they are erupted at mid-ocean ridges.
Paleomagnetism
19 of 36
The theory of how mid-ocean ridges are formed and new oceanic crust is created and then pushed away from the ridge.
Sea floor spreading
20 of 36
The increased speed of movement of a tectonic plate once subduction has started to occur.
Slab pull
21 of 36
The descent and destruction of an oceanic plate back into the mantle.
Subduction
22 of 36
The size of an earthquake, normally measured on the Magnitude Moment Scale or Richter Scale.
Magnitude
23 of 36
An area of earthquakes that can be shown to correlate with the location of a subducting oceanic plate as it descends into the mantle.
Benioff zone
24 of 36
The location of the origin of movement in an earthquake, it has both a surface location and depth.
Focus
25 of 36
The location on the surface of the origin of an earthquake.
Epicentre
26 of 36
Compressional waves which travel fastest through the Earth and can travel through all materials.
P waves
27 of 36
Shear waves where the movement of the particles is at 90° from the movement of energy transfer, these waves cannot travel through a liquid and are therefore stopped by the Earth's Outer Core.
S waves
28 of 36
Love waves, travel on the surface of the Earth and involve a circular movement of material as the seismic energy passes through an area.
L waves
29 of 36
The conversion of solid land into liquid due to the shaking occurring in an earthquake. This often leads to the sinking and collapse of buildings on soft sediments.
Liquefaction
30 of 36
The collapse of material down slopes caused by the violent shaking in an earthquake.
Landslides
31 of 36
Molten rock erupted onto the Earth's surface from a volcano.
Lava
32 of 36
An extremely dangerous cloud of solid rock, lava, ash and volcanic gases erupted from some volcanoes. It can travel at speeds of up to 200 km/hr.
Pyroclastic flow
33 of 36
The covering of surfaces by small particles of volcanic material (ash) which form during an eruption. These can be found in deposits centimetres to metres thick and are so heavy they can sometimes cause buildings to collapse.
Ash fall
34 of 36
A mixture of water and volcanic ash that often occurs after heavy rain in areas recently affected by volcanic eruptions. These can form thick deposits of mud in river valleys that then set to form a material as hard as concrete.
Lahars
35 of 36
A mixture of water from glaciers melting during a volcanic eruption and volcanic material which is then washed down river valleys and can create serious flooding issues during a volcanic eruption.
Jokulhlaups
36 of 36
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The location where molten material is erupting on the Earth's surface.
Back
Volcano
Card 3
Front
Large ocean waves created by earthquakes or landslides within the ocean.
Back
Card 4
Front
A large area of the Earth's crust which is stable moves slowly around the Earth's surface.
Back
Card 5
Front
The edge of a tectonic plate where tectonic activity is most focused.
Comments
No comments have yet been made