Tectonic Processes and Hazards Key Words (from Hodder Eduction revision guide) 0.0 / 5 ? GeographyTectonicsA2/A-levelEdexcel Created by: meganjxmesCreated on: 12-05-18 09:12 MANTLE A solid, but because of very high temperatures it is deformable (plastic) and can 'flow' very slowly 1 of 19 MANTLE PLUMES Concentrated areas of heat convection. At plate boundaries they are sheet-like, at hot spots they are column-like 2 of 19 SUBDUCTION The process of one plate sinking beneath another at a convergent plate boundary (oceanic under continental) 3 of 19 FOCUS The point underground at which the earthquake originates - a pulse of energy radiates out from here 4 of 19 EPICENTRE The point on the surface directly above the focus 5 of 19 PYROCLASTS Rock fragments ejected from a volcano (ash, tephra and volcanic bombs) 6 of 19 THRESHOLD The magnitude above which a disaster occurs. Could be different in developed vs. developing countries due to different levels of resilience 7 of 19 RESILIENCE The ability of a community to cope with a hazard; some are better prepared than others so a hazards is less likely to become a disaster 8 of 19 MEGADISASTER A disaster with unusually high impacts. Millie's of people affected and billions of dollars in damage over a wide area 9 of 19 SUPERVOLCANO Impacts would be felt globally, because of worldwide cooling of the Earth's climate, perhaps for up to five years 10 of 19 LIQUEFACTION Occurs in waterlogged, loose sediment; earthquake shaking 'liquefies' the ground, causing buildings to tilt, sink and collapse 11 of 19 AFTERSHOCKS Occur in the hours, days or months after a primary earthquake and can be of high magnitude and frequency 12 of 19 CORRUPTION Illegal practices e.g. accepting bribes to influence decision making or paying people to stay silent about known problems 13 of 19 LAND-USE ZONING Planning tool used to decide what type of buildings (residential, commercial, industrial or none) are allowed in particular locations 14 of 19 MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONES Places where two or more natural hazards occur, in some cases these interact to create complex disasters 15 of 19 PREDICTION Knowing when and where a natural hazard will strike on a spatial and temporal scale that can be acted on meaningfully in terms of evacuation 16 of 19 FORECASTING Much less precise that predicting, provides a 'percentage chance' of a hazard occurring at a certain level within a time frame 17 of 19 HAZARD RESISTANT DESIGN Constructing buildings and infrastructure that are strong enough to resist tectonic hazards 18 of 19 CRY WOLF SYNDROME When predictions (and evacuation) prove to be wrong, so people are less likely to believe the next predictions and warning 19 of 19
GEOG4- Tectonic activity and hazards [2014] pre-release series: #4- pre-release revision PPT. 0.0 / 5
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