When inhibition of spontaneous movement has not yet been learned
When inhibition of automatic processing has not yet been learned
When inhibition of controlled processing has not yet been learned
When regulation and maintenance of posture has not yet been learned
9. Which area is activated in cognitive conflict which requires engaging/disengaging executive control systems e.g stroop task?
ACC
Insula and intraparietal sulcus
VMPFC
DLPFC
10. Which of these do NOT typically exhibit default mode behaviours?
Animals with no or small pre-frontal cortexes
Children
Healthy adults
Adults with pre-frontal cortex damage
11. In early work, bilateral lesions to the PFC caused?
Inability to select motor behaviours (frontal dysexecutive syndrome) and no coherent behaviours
An inability to learn from past behaviour and no coherent behaviours
An inability to learn from past behaviour and inability to select motor behaviours (frontal dysexecutive syndrome)
No spontaneous behaviours and inability to select motor behaviours (frontal dysexecutive syndrome)
12. Symptoms of abulia resulting from lateral damage to the PFC include?
No spontaneous behaviours and inability to select motor behaviours (frontal dysexecutive syndrome)
Inability to select motor behaviours (frontal dysexecutive syndrome) and no coherent behaviours
Lethargy, quiet withdrawal, inability to deal with metaphors, unable to do towers of Hanoi.
An inability to learn from past behaviour and no coherent behaviours
13. Which areas contain representations of sequences of movements?
Premotor and supplementary motor areas
Cerebellum and subthalamic areas
Basal ganglia circuits and premotor areas
Spinal cord and subthalamic areas
14. Are SZ patients impaired on no-go trials?
Yes
No
15. What is the ventromedial prefrontal cortex important for?
How to interact appropriately with others and objects and establish links between stimuli and actions
Preventing information from interfering with processing
Creating a mental model of the world. Ability to recognise and create rules for behaviour generalisable across contexts
Selection of desired behaviour and information
16. Which of these is not a type of inhibition?
Removing information from WM
Selection of desired behaviour and information
Preventing information from interfering with processing
Restraining potentiated behaviour
17. What is 'perseveration' shown in patients with DLPFC damage?
Only create generalised rules which are not applied to behaviour, e.g on Wisconsin card task will show random behaviour with a seemingly different rule each time
Use a new rule on each trial reflecting an inability to learn. Not from an inability to switch e.g on Wisconsin card task will show random behaviour with a seemingly different rule each time
Continue to use previously learned rules not from an inability to switch. e.g in Wisconsin card task will always use previously learned rule for sorting
Cant create rules which generalise across contexts. e.g in Wisconsin card task will always use previously learned rule for sorting
18. Does damage to the ACC impair Stroop task?
No, suggesting ACC involved in motivation
Yes, suggesting integral role in conflict resolution
19. Who won the nobel prize in 1949 for a method for destroying the frontal lobes (compulsive disorders etc)?
Goldberg
Tannen
Moniz
Goldstein
20. Frontal lobes seem to play a critical role in...?
Determining information, anticipation, reasoning
Spatial navigation, allocentric and egocentric representations
