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6. According to Arbib & Rizzolatti, the development of the observers ability to conciously control their MNS results in?

  • Ability to emit a voluntary signal forming a primitive dialogue between parties
  • Recognition of the action and intention, forming common ground
  • Ability to form common ground based on causal and explanatory biological laws
  • Ability to form common ground based on causal and explanatory perceptual heuristics

7. Do MNS exhibit action specificity?

  • Yes
  • No

8. What do MEPs provide?

  • Readings from V1
  • Input to the motor cortex
  • A metric of motor cortex activity
  • Readings from STS

9. Do MEPS reflect action specificty in action oberservation?

  • Yes, watching hand action will increase MEPs in the hand
  • No, MEPs reflect general muscle activation
  • No, watching hand actions does not specifically activate hand muscles
  • Yes, MNS are conclusively evidenced in humans

10. What is the main premise of Theory Theory?

  • We acquire and deploy a commonsense theory of mind re; causal and explanatory laws
  • To understand peoples actions we simulate them using motor systems

11. What deficits are shown in ASD?

  • Reduced mu rhythm suppression, Increased corticospinal activation, local thinning in cerebral cortex
  • Increased mu rhythm suppression, Increased corticospinal activation, local thinning in cerebral cortex
  • Reduced mu rhythm suppression, reduced corticospinal activation, local thinning in cerebral cortex
  • Increased mu rhythm suppression, reduced corticospinal activation, local thinning in cerebral cortex

12. How many muscles do neurons in M1 operate?

  • Muscle quadrants
  • Lower/upper sections of muscles
  • Single muscles
  • Single muscle groups

13. Where are mirror neurons (MNS) thought to be found?

  • F5
  • V1
  • M1
  • PMC

14. What does TMS to human M1 do?

  • Causes MEPs in muscles
  • Decreases M1 activity
  • Increases activation in visual and motor areas
  • Make it harder to discriminate actions

15. In Iaconbi et al (2005), which condition was the greatest activation seen in in PMC?

  • Intention condition
  • Grasping condition
  • Goal orientated condition
  • Object condition

16. Are motor pathways hemispherically crossed?

  • Yes, left hemisphere controls right side of body
  • No, left hemisphere controls left side of body

17. In a single cell study in humans, where were neurons with MNS properties seen?

  • PMC, M1 and F5
  • M1 and STS
  • Supplementary motor areas and hippocampus
  • F5 and M1

18. Which of these is NOT an argument against a human MNS?

  • Correlational evidence between visual and motor activity
  • Neuroimaging is correlational
  • Human single cell studies have not shown evidence of converging activation
  • Indirect evidence

19. Premotor cortex neurons...?

  • Operate single muscles
  • Provide input to M1 cortical neurons
  • Move muscles on the opposite side of the body
  • Activate neighbouring muscles

20. How is M1 arranged?

  • Somatotopically
  • Auditotopical
  • Topographically
  • Retinotopically