The significance of the difference (Cohens D is most common)
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What is greater male variability? (GVM)
There is a greater variability in intellectual abilities of males compared to females (Ellis, 1894), not universal but is present in other countries (due to socioculture)
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What is the main function of white matter?
Information transmission
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What is the main function of grey matter?
Information processing
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What did Haier et al (2005) find in an MRI study?
IQ among women was related to more white matter and fewer grey matter areas than men
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What was the main conclusion reached by Haier (2005)?
Intelligence in men may be related more to information processing ability, e.g spatial ability
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Which hormone has been found to be related to higher performance in spatial ability tasks?
Testosterone
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What was the main finding of Choi & Silverman (1996)?
Testosterone was posi related to using distance and cardinal directions when giving directions as opposed to landmarks
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What did a study of polycystic ovary syndrome participants show? (Carry et al 2013)
Have elevated testosterone levels. PCOS scored signif higher on 3d mental rotation compared to controls
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What is the evolutionary theory posited by Jones et al (2003)?
Males with greater spatial ability more likely to win wars, get supplies, maintain relationships, leading to greater reproductive success
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What did research by Hoffman et al (2011) show?
In a matriarchal society where genetic bg was shared, females outperformed males on spatial ability tests
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At what age did Campbell show toy preference became gender biased?
9 months
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What was the main finding of experiment 1 by Feng et al (2007)?
Gamers performed better than non-gamers, no sex differences between gamers. However there were sex differences between non-gamers (m>f)
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Which sex performed best overall after the training in Fenn et al (2007) experiment 2?
F >M, experimental group
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What did the meta analysis of approx 4 million pps by Hyde et al (1990) show?
Overall no sex difference in math performance d = -0.05.
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What did a replicate study of Hyde et al (1990) find?
High school males performed better than females
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What is stereotype threat?
Negative stereotypes about different social groups can affect ability
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What is the main assumption behind the stereotype theory?
Girls less likely to choose 'masculine' STEM subjects and so are less likely to develop spatial/math ability
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What does the Global Gender Index show about inequality?
Nations with greater 'equality' portray smaller gender differences in math performance
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What is the main assumption behind the psychobiological model?
Environmental factors can affect brain development (e.g learning experience), biasing synaptic pruning. Similarly, hormonal factors may bias temeprement whilst social influences encourage them
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What did research by Olsen et al (2013) suggest about strategies in intelligence?
Males performed better on mental rotation tasks using global strategies whilst females use 'step-like' strategies
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is greater male variability? (GVM)
Back
There is a greater variability in intellectual abilities of males compared to females (Ellis, 1894), not universal but is present in other countries (due to socioculture)
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