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6. Which of these are the best ways to reduce acquiescence?

  • Balanced scales (e.g reversed items), Unambiguity (e.g refer to specific behaviours)
  • Use a Likert scale
  • Use emotive questions, Unambiguity (e.g refer to specific behaviours)
  • Use emotive questions, Balanced scales (e.g reversed items)

7. Which are the two main criticisms of projective tests?

  • Lack of reliability (no general consensus), Lack of research evidence supporting it
  • Lack of reliability (weak predictive power, lacks convergence with other psychometric scales, mental illnesses not considered),Lack of validity (no general consensus)
  • Lack of reliability (no general consensus), Lack of validity (weak predictive power, lacks convergence with other psychometric scales, mental illnesses not considered)
  • Lack of validity (weak predictive power, lacks convergence with other psychometric scales, mental illnesses not considered), considered a branch of pseudoscience

8. Which of these is an advantage of implicit measures?

  • Cost and time effective
  • It is hard for people to 'fake' responses due to the ballistic nature of testing
  • Can be used as an 'ice breaker' in therapy

9. What is acquiescence?

  • Agreeing with items regardless of context
  • Agreeing with items because of context
  • Disagreeing with items regardless of context
  • Disagreeing with items because of context

10. What is con/divergent validity?

  • The scale is +vley related to things it should be/The scale is -vley related to things it should be
  • The scale is +vley related to things it should be/The scale is NOT related to things it should NOT be related to
  • The scale is -vley related to things it should be/The scale is NOT related to things it should NOT be related to

11. Which of these is NOT a good way to improve reliability in self-report questionnaires?

  • Shorter questions
  • Use unconventional language
  • Use conventional language
  • Avoid abbreiviations
  • Ensure understanding
  • Use suitable items

12. Which of these statements would be characterised as having a LOW locus of control?

  • Unhappy things in peoples lives are due to bad luck
  • Unhappy things in peoples lives are due to their own mistakes

13. What is a projective test?

  • The person looks at a list of words, and says the colour of the word. The task should be more difficult when the word is more emotive
  • Pictures presented depicting a dramatic/critical event. Person asked what the relationships and feelings of the people in picture are. Stories constructed which reflect personality
  • Ambiguous stimuli presented, response generated which provides an insight into personality
  • Participant response time measured to when certain categories are combined v.s others e.g black, bad, white, good.

14. What is concurrent validity?

  • The scale is +vley related to things it should be
  • Does it correlate with standard measures of the same concept?
  • Can it accurately predict?
  • The scale is -vley related to things it should be
  • The scale is NOT related to things it should NOT be related to

15. What is the main concept of the learning theory approach? (Banduras model of reciprocal causation)

  • Humans are motivated by a need for positive growth with an emphasis on personal responsibility
  • Personality is a result of learning experiences (An interaction between Personal, Behavioural and Environmental factors)
  • Learning experiences are a result of personality (An interaction between Personal, Behavioural and Environmental factors)
  • Personality is a result of learning experiences (An interaction between Personal and Behavioural factors)

16. What is internal consistency reliability?

  • If all items are measuring the same concept, they should ALL CORRELATE
  • If all items are measuring the same concept, they should NOT CORRELATE
  • Items should all measure the same concept
  • Items should each measure different concepts

17. Which are the two types of criterion validity?

  • Concurrent validity, Discriminant validity
  • Convergent validity, predictive validity
  • Concurrent validity, predictive validity
  • Convergent validity, divergent validity
  • Predictive validity, divergent validity

18. Which of these is the correct order of Maslows hierarchy of needs? (Low to high)

  • Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, Self-actualisation, Self-esteem
  • Physiological, Love & Belonging, Safety, Self-esteem, Self-actualisation
  • Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, Self-esteem, Self-actualisation
  • Safety, Physiological, Love and Belonging, Self-esteem, Self-actualisation

19. Which of these is NOT a measurement of personality collected from the individual?

  • Implicit measures e.g implicit association test
  • Behavioural observations
  • Projective tests
  • Self-report psychometric questionnaires

20. Which of these is NOT one of the OCEAN structures of personality?

  • Neuroticism
  • Extraversion
  • Openness
  • Concientiousness
  • Excitement
  • Agreeableness