TB7 P&C Lecture 3; Development of Vision

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  • Created on: 08-01-16 17:12
Does VEP give a higher sensitivity than behavioural measures?
Yes
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Do newborn babies prefer low contrasts compared to high contrasts?
No
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Do newborn babies prefer high contrasts to low contrasts?
Yes
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Which do newborn babies prefer?
Patterns
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Which do newborn babies prefer?
Stripes
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Which do newborn babies prefer?
Large patterns
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Which do newborn babies prefer?
Curved lines
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At birth, how much snellen activity is there?
20/800
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At what point is contrast sensitivity better in infant monkeys?
38 weeks
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What is a 3 month infants visual acuity roughly equivalent to?
A cat
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Where is a newborn infants fixed focus?
20cm
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At 1 month of age an infant has an acuity cut-off at about?
3 cycles/degree
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How to work out acuity in cycles/degrees?
Age in months for humans, age in weeks for monkeys
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Can infants discriminate red from green at 1 week of age?
Yes
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What colour are infants poor at discriminating?
Blues
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When does an infants blue discrimination improve?
2 months
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What can infants show within 5 days?
Optokinetic nystagmus (a reflex, following movement and flicking back)
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What can infants show within 2 weeks?
Bringing an object to the fovea
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What can infants show within 8-10 weeks?
Pursuit eye movements
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What can infants show within 3 months?
Saccades to where a light is going to be
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A non-correctable visual loss, usually in just one eye, is called?
Amblyopia
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In a test using stroboscopic movement in which the baby involuntarily follows the moving pattern (determined by luminance), what do deuteranomalous babies need?
More green
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In a test using stroboscopic movement in which the baby involuntarily follows the moving pattern (determined by luminance), what do protanomalous babies need?
More red
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Do newborns show a preference for faces?
No
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Do infants at 2 months prefer to look at faces?
Yes
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At what age can an infant discriminate their mothers face from another face?
1 month
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When do infants notice changes in hairline and eyes?
10-12 weeks
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What is perceptual narrowing/synaptic pruning?
An ability lost if not practiced (e.g 6 month old monkey face discrimination)
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The oblique effect means?
We don’t see tilted lines as well as verticals and horizontals
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The 'kitten carousel' experiment demonstrates?
Active visual experience is vital for normal visual development
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If your cornea has different curvatures on the vertical and horizontal axes you would have?
Astigmatism
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When looking at ocular dominance for normal v.s monocularly deprived animals, where will there be the LEASt amount of cells?
Ipsilateral (same side)
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When looking at ocular dominance for normal v.s monocularly deprived animals, where will there be the MOST amount of cells?
Contalateral (opposite side)
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What is amblyopia?
Reduced visual acuity in an otherwise normal eye
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When is a typical onset of amblyopia?
Before 6 yrs
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What is Astigmatic amblyopia?
Asymmetrical optics lead to some orientations becoming blurred
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Is amblyopia correctable?
No
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What is Astigmatism?
Your cornea has different curvatures on the vertical and horizontal axes
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What is exotropic strabismus?
An eye turn outward
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What is esotropic strabismus?
An eye turn inward
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What does strabismus result in a loss of?
Binocularity in adults
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What would an emmetropic eye be in anisometropic amblyopia?
In focus
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What would an hyperopic eye be in anisometropic amblyopia?
Out of focus
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What would be the correct treatment for a squint?
Corrective surgery
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What would be the correct treatment for a cataract?
Surgery
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What would be the correct treatment for astigmatism?
Optical correcton
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What would be the correct treatment for anisometropia?
Occlusion therapy
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In Hess (1956), could chicks fully adapt to the prisms in their pecking response?
No, they only improved in accuracy
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Card 2

Front

Do newborn babies prefer low contrasts compared to high contrasts?

Back

No

Card 3

Front

Do newborn babies prefer high contrasts to low contrasts?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Which do newborn babies prefer?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Which do newborn babies prefer?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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