TB7 D&L Lecture 3; Developmental Dyslexia

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  • Created by: mint75
  • Created on: 02-01-16 15:17
What is developmental dyslexia?
A reading difficulty that is unexpected in relation to the individual’s intelligence and level of reading instruction
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Does developmental dyslexia affect more boys than girls?
Yes
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Which do individuals with dyslexia show problems in?
Accuracy AND fluency
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In German, what is dyslexia a manifestation of?
Fluency rather than accuracy
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Are reading skills and the language (phonological) skills that underlie them highly heritable?
Yes
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In a longitudinal family risk study by Snowling, Gallagher & Frith (2003), what was the main finding?
Nondyslexics at risk performed at the same rate as dyslexics on reading fluency in adulthood; suggest a broader phenotype
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What is an issue with family risk studies?
There may be a confounding effect of environmental factors; shared in the family
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What is included in the 'core' in the Phonological core variable deficit hypothesis?
Core deficit in phonological coding, with variable deficits outside of core, e.g. working memory , broader language difficulties
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What is included in the 'core' in the Phonological Deficit Hypothesis?
Core deficit in phonological coding but skills such as working memory, broader language difficulties are still part of the core deficit
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How do dyslexic children differ from typical children in mappings of phonological representations?
Dyslexic children have 'fuzzy' maps between spellings and sound
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Where are difficulties found in reading in phonological dyslexia?
Difficulty reading via grapheme-phoneme conversion
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Where are difficulties found in reading in surface dyslexia
Difficulty reading via sight-word route
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What was the main finding of a study which compared dyslexics, poor readers, reading age and control age pps in a picture naming task?
Deficits were specific at the phoneme level
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What is a phonetic error?
An error which is phonetically plausible (e.g freas --> freeze)
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What kind of errors do dyslexics show?
Non-phonetic errors; A problem with vowel sounds, simplification of consonant clusters and omission of unstressed syllables
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Which tasks do dyslexic adults find most difficult?
Phonological awareness tasks (e.g spoonerisms), Rapid Automatised Naming, Spelling
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What is the core concept behind the Auditory Perceptual deficit hypothesis?
Dyslexia is caused by a deficit with rapid auditory temporal processing; however this finding has not been replicated and may be indicative of broader issues
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What is the core concept behind the cerebellar hypothesis?
Motor control is associated with dyslexia causing problems with automatisation and so reading fluency (cerebellar functioning). However, most likely just due to comorbidity rather than an underlying cause
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In a study by White et al (2006), what did the majority of pps show?
A linguistic (phonological) deficit
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In a study by White et al (2006), what accounted for some of the reading difficulty independent from the phonological deficit?
Visual deficits
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In a study by White et al (2006), was there a significant relationship between visual measures and reading ability?
No
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What is the most WIDELY supported theory of dyslexia at present?
The phonological deficit hypothesis
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Card 2

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Does developmental dyslexia affect more boys than girls?

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Yes

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Which do individuals with dyslexia show problems in?

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Card 4

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In German, what is dyslexia a manifestation of?

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Card 5

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Are reading skills and the language (phonological) skills that underlie them highly heritable?

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