TB6 D&L Lecture 1 and reading MCQs 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyTB6 D&LUniversityNone Created by: mint75Created on: 27-12-15 19:39 Which semantic model explains Rodd et al (2002s) lexical decision task data? Semantic features; Recognition was faster for words with MANY senses and fewer meanings 1 of 29 What is the main concept of the semantic feature model? Meanings are represented as collections of semantic features, multiple meanings of a word are incoherent whilst multiple senses arent (easier) 2 of 29 When is meaning used in the Multiple Access model? When an ambiguous word is encountered, ALL meanings are accessed independent of context and contextually appropriate meaning is selected 3 of 29 When is meaning used in the context-guided single-reading lexical access model? Context is used to restrict access of meanings, so ONLY the contextually appropriate meaning is ever accessed 4 of 29 What do cross-modal priming studies provide a measure of? Meaning activation 5 of 29 In the influential study by Swinney et al (1979) where primes were ambiguous words in a biasing context, what was the EARLY effect of context? There was priming for BOTH appropriate and inappropriate meanings; context had NO effect 6 of 29 In the influential study by Swinney et al (1979) where primes were ambiguous words in a biasing context, what was the LATE effect of context? There was only priming for the APPROPRIATE meaning; context had NO effect 7 of 29 Which model does Swinney et als (1979)study support? Multiple access model 8 of 29 In a study by Tanenhaus et al (1979), at what point was their priming for only the context appropriate meaning? 200ms 9 of 29 What does it mean if a word has balanced frequency? All alternative meanings are equally common in the language 10 of 29 What does it mean if a word has unbalanced frequency? All alternative meanings have different frequencies in the language, one meaning is dominant 11 of 29 In a study by Tabossi & Zardon (1993), what was the effect of a subordinate constraining context? Support for multiple access model 12 of 29 What did Lucas' (1999) meta-analysis show? Sentential contexts do not rule out inappropriate meanings, they just bias activations 13 of 29 What is the ambiguity advantage? Only present in lexical decision tasks, when decisions for ambiguous words are faster than non-ambig. (multiple senses = advantage) 14 of 29 What does early research into word reading suggest? We routinely access ALL meanings of ambiguous words, context then used to select the most appropriate 15 of 29 What is the core concept of the ordered access model? All senses of the word are initially accessed in order of their individual meaning frequencies; serially checked against context 16 of 29 What did a sentence completion task by Mackay (1996) show? Pps were slower at completing the sentence with the ambig word 17 of 29 What did Foss (1970) phoneme monitering study show? Phonemes are harder to detect when the preceding context contains an ambiguous word 18 of 29 What is an issue with phoneme monitering tasks? Sensitive to variables other than ambiguity 19 of 29 What did Mehler, Segui & Carey find when word length was controlled for? Extra processing is still needed for ambiguous words 20 of 29 What do dichotic listening tasks suggest? Meanings accessed in parallel 21 of 29 What did a dichotic listening task by Mackay (1973) show? When asked to paraphrase attended message, interpretation was affected by the unattended biasing context 22 of 29 What was the effect of frequency in Hogabaum, Perfetti (1975)? Pps were slow to detect ambiguity when the word was in its MOST frequent sense 23 of 29 What did Hogabaum, Perfetti (1975) suggest about frequency effects? Because the most frequent sense was 'garden pathed', pps have to reanalyse to fit a subordinate meaning with context 24 of 29 What was the finding of Schvaneveldt et al (1976)? Pps were fastest RT when the ambig word was primed, context has an effect 25 of 29 Why was Swinney et als (1976) study an improvement over previous techniques? Online, cross modal priming, not sensitve to other variables and reflect processes as they happen 26 of 29 Which model did Swinneys (1976) study support? No effect of context --> multiple access model 27 of 29 What is set-membership feedback? You cannot guess a word simply from its syntactic category 28 of 29 In an early, autonomous model, why do less frequent meanings need longer processing time? Because they need more evidence --> activation to be considered appropriate 29 of 29
Comments
No comments have yet been made