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6. What is the difference between indirect and direct speech acts?

  • Direct speech acts (approx 10% of lang) intend the literal meaning. Indirect speech acts (approx 90% lang) move beyond the literal meaning
  • Direct speech acts (approx 90% lang) move beyond the literal meaning, Indirect speech acts (approx 10% of lang) intend the literal meaning.
  • Direct speech acts (approx 90% of lang) intend the literal meaning. Indirect speech acts (approx 10% lang) move beyond the literal meaning
  • Direct speech acts (approx 10% lang) move beyond the literal meaning, Indirect speech acts (approx 90% of lang) intend the literal meaning.

7. What is fictive motion?

  • Figurative language which implies movement
  • Figurative language that does not imply movement
  • Figurative language
  • Concrete language that implies movement

8. In a visual-world eye tracking study by Altmann&Kamide, (1999), when did anticipatory fixations due to verb-selectional restraints occur?

  • Well after the onset of the verb, suggesting that language understanding involves prediction
  • Well after the onset of the noun, suggesting that language understanding involves prediction
  • Well before the onset of the noun, suggesting that language understanding involves prediction
  • Well before the onset of the verb, suggesting that language understanding involves prediction

9. What methodology can be used to measure fictive motion?

  • Dichotic listening
  • Eye tracking
  • Click displacement
  • Picture naming

10. What is extracted first in Searles two stage model of understanding indirect speech?

  • Literal
  • Indirect
  • Neither
  • Both

11. What did the study by Tanenhaus et al (1995) suggest?

  • Because semantic context influences the liklihood of being garden-pathed, evidence AGAINST the autonomy/modularity of the parser.
  • Because semantic context influences the liklihood of being garden-pathed, evidence FOR the autonomy/modularity of the parser.
  • Because visual context influences the liklihood of being garden-pathed, evidence AGAINST the autonomy/modularity of the parser.
  • Because visual context influences the liklihood of being garden-pathed, evidence FOR the autonomy/modularity of the parser.

12. Which of these are Grice's maxims of conversational principle?

  • Politeness, Ease of speech, Fluency, Respect
  • Politeness, Ease of Speech, Adjacency, Respect
  • Quantity, Quality, Relevance, Manner
  • Quantity, Quotation, Relevance, Manner

13. What did Richardson & Matlock find in a study of fictive motion?

  • Fictive motion affected looking time to the relevent path, fictive motion had an effect on sentence processing. The literal meaning was activated regardless
  • Fictive motion decreased looking time to the relevent path, fictive motion had an effect on sentence processing
  • There was no effect of fictive motion in either condition

14. What was the main finding of a study by ferreria et al (2005) in avoiding ambiguity?

  • Pps aimed to establish common ground in both conditions, but ESPECIALLY for non-linguistic ambiguity
  • Pps could only reduce linguitic ambiguity and otherwise operated egocentrically
  • Pps aimed to establish common ground in both conditions, but ESPECIALLY for linguistic ambiguity
  • Pps operated egocentrically and did not aim to establish common ground in either condition