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6. What are Kimballs 7 principles of parsing?

  • Top-down parsing, Right association, New nodes (Function), 4 sentence nodes, Closure, Fixed Structure, Processing principles
  • Bottom-up parsing, Right association, New nodes (Function), 4 sentence nodes, Closure, Fixed Structure, Processing principles
  • Top-down parsing, Right association, New nodes (Function), 2 sentence nodes, Closure, Fixed Structure, Processing principles
  • Bottom-up parsing, Right association, New nodes (Function), 2 sentence nodes, Closure, Fixed Structure, Processing principles
  • Top-down parsing, Left association, New nodes (Function), 2 sentence nodes, Closure, Fixed Structure, Processing principles

7. Which of these is NOT a feature of garden path?

  • 2 Stage
  • Incremental
  • Minimal attachment
  • Interactive
  • Autonomous
  • Serial
  • Late closure

8. What is the main goal of interpreting sentences?

  • To create the most full representation
  • To gain as much semantic knowledge as possible
  • To assign thematic roles (subcategorisation frame)
  • To interpret the sentence fully using context

9. Is parsing a constructive process?

  • Yes
  • No

10. In the sausage machine model, which stage prefers minimal attachment?

  • Neither
  • Both
  • PPP
  • SSS

11. What is a problem with click displacement?

  • NOT temporally sensitive, cant say at what stage of processing this occurs at
  • NOT spatially sensitive, cant say at what stage of processing this occurs at

12. What is attachment ambiguity?

  • When you can attach to both the noun phrase and verb phrase tree
  • When you can only attach the sentence to one tree

13. What is global ambiguity?

  • Permanent ambiguity, the ambiguity is NOT resolved at the end of the sentence
  • Transient ambiguity, the ambiguity IS resolved by subsequent material

14. What is the canonical sentence strategy?

  • Making use of the most common structure in the language to aid comprehension
  • Making use of the least common structure in the language to aid comprehension

15. Describe an autonomous parser

  • Initial stages of parsing ONLY use syntax to construct representations
  • Other sources and modalities of information can influence the parser at an early stage
  • Syntax and semantics are both used to construct the syntactic representation in one go
  • The first stage is purely autonomous, the second is semantic

16. Where is the highest load in the clause?

  • All of it
  • Start
  • End
  • Middle

17. What kind of process is parsing?

  • An autonomous process, structures built on a word-by-word basis
  • An incremental process; structures built on a holistic basis
  • An incremental process; structures built on a word-by-word basis
  • An autonomous process, structures built on a holistic basis

18. What is phrase structure grammar?

  • Decoding of ambiguity
  • Limited rules, infinite complexity
  • Infinite rules, limited complexity
  • Assigning syntactic roles

19. What two processes determine initial attachment in garden path?

  • Minimal attachment and late closure
  • Instrumentality and autonomy
  • Minimal attachment and incrementality
  • Late closure and incrementality

20. Describe a parallel autonomous parser

  • All possible syntactic representations are generated and semantics used to choose the most appropriate
  • A purely syntactic representation is first constructed, then checked against semantic info
  • Semantic info guides the parser, ONLY semantically plausible representations generated