TB4 Lecture 4; Decision making and the brain

The main objectives in this lecture are;

  • Expected value v.s expected utility
  • Reward and the brain
  • Temporal discounting
  • Social decision making
  • Heuristics in decision making
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  • Created by: mint75
  • Created on: 25-05-15 17:59

1. What is probability weighting?

  • The tendency for people to strongly acquiring gains than avoiding loss
  • The tendency for people to strongly prefer avoiding loss than acquiring gains
  • The tendency for people to underestimate the chances of high probability events (a coin toss) and overestimate low probability events (the lottery)
  • The tendency for compulsive gambling to start after a traumatic loss type event
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2. What is the decoy effect?

  • Presentation of another option that is inferior in all respects has shown to influence preference
  • Preference for current state of affairs

3. Dopamine neurons in which 4 areas are linked to rewards?

  • Ventromedial pFC, Nucleus accumbens, Ventral-tegmental area, substantianigra
  • pFC, Nucleus accumbens, Ventral-tegmental area, substantianigra
  • Ventromedial pFC, Nucleus accumbens, Dorsal-tegmental area, substantianigra
  • pFC, Nucleus accumbens, Dorsal-tegmental area, substantianigra

4. What did a study by Matsumoto & Hikosake (2009) find?

  • A subset of DP neurons in the midbrain responded to negative but not positive events.
  • A subset of DP neurons in the midbrain responded to both positive and negative events.
  • A subset of DP neurons in the midbrain responded to positive but not negative events.
  • DP neurons will always fire with a pleasing stimulus

5. What are the two distinct neural processes in McClure et als (2004) dual-system model

  • 1) Fast, automatic and context dependent; an emotion based decision 2) slower, controlled and evidence based; a deliberation decision
  • 1) Slower, automatic and context dependent; an emotion based decision 2) Faster, controlled and evidence based; a deliberation decision
  • 1) Fast, automatic and context dependent; a deliberation based decision 2) slower, controlled and evidence based; an emotion based decision
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