Which two areas govern autonomic functions as well as reflexes
Brainstem and midbrain
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What fatty layer covers the axon of the neuron?
Myelin Sheath
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What does the process of myelinisation do/improve?
Insulates the cell and improves synaptogenesis (cell communication)
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As the cortex grows, what happens to the brain?
Infolding to accommodate rapid growth
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What is apoptosis and why does it occur?
Programmed cell death of poorly stimulated neurons; increases efficiency of functioning
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What are the three stages (in order) of cellular development
Proliferation, cell migration, myelinisation
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What is an early behavioural reflex?
An involuntary reaction to external stimuli
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What is the 'moro' reflex?
When a baby is dropped/hears a loud noise, they extend limbs and fingers whilst drawing their head back as a protective reflex
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What is the darwinian reflex?
When the palm of a babies hand is stroked, they make a strong fist and can be raised to standing if grasped
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What effect does an enriched environment have on the cerebral cortex?
It causes the cortical neurons to thicken as the infant is exposed to more sights and sounds.
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Which is the last brain area to stop growing?
The cortex
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What is the role of the limbic system?
Regulating emotions and frontal lobes for advanced cognitive functioning
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What effects does the environment have on the prenatal brain?
The PN brain is sensitive to negative and positive influences, with cortical thickness differing according to the environment
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What is a teratogen?
Substances that exert an adverse influence on development e.g drugs, smoking, disease and maternal stress
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What stage of pregnancy were women most vunerable to radiation?
8 - 16 weeks
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Why is the pregnant person most sensitive to radiation at this time?
This is the critical period of prenatal brain development, with neural proliferation and migration, migration not occuring correctly has serious effects
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What are the main characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome?
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