TB3 Lecture 2 Brain Development

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  • Created by: mint75
  • Created on: 25-04-15 19:01

1. What are the main characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome?

  • Small hippo-campus and other physical defects (e.g flat midface, microcephaly, micrognathia)
  • Growth retardation (e.g low birth weight) and balance and hearing issues
  • Physical defects (e.g flat midface, microcephaly, micrognathia), growth retardation and CNS difficulties
  • CNS issues (e.g learning/behaviourla disorders), Growth retardation emotional disturbances and
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2. Why is the pregnant person most sensitive to radiation at this time?

  • This is the critical period of prenatal brain development, with neural proliferation and migration, migration not occuring correctly has serious effects
  • As the infants developing brain is at peak plasticity
  • As this is the period in which synaptogenesis occurs

3. What is a teratogen?

  • A genetic mutation in the mother which causes future disabilitys and birth complications in the infant
  • Substances that exert an adverse influence on development e.g drugs, smoking, disease and maternal stress
  • A chemical imbalance in the pregnant body which goes on to affect the infant
  • Substances that exert a positive influence on development e.g enriched environment, nutrition and exercise

4. What are the three stages (in order) of cellular development

  • Proliferation, cell migration, myelinisation
  • Myelinisation, Cell migration, proliferation
  • Synaptogenesis, Myelinisation, Cell migration
  • Synaptogenesis, Cell migration, proliferation

5. What is apoptosis and why does it occur?

  • Programmed cell death of poorly stimulated neurons; increases efficiency of functioning
  • Increase of brain surface; to increase cell stimulation
  • The formation of sulci and gyri to accommodate more neurons
  • Buildings of connections between synapses to 'finely tune' the brains 'circuitry'

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