6. What % of predictions are used in cancer biology?
11-25%
100%
75%
10%
7. What is the file drawer problem?
Bad data are not included in the study and people being reluctant to publish negative results/replications
If you do lots of tests on a single dataset/multiple studies some will be signif only by chance. e.g probability of getting a posi result x 13 experiments...likely that one will be significant
A post hoc definition of success. Not defining predictions before the experiment
8. Who founded the Society for Psychical research?
Henry Sedgewick
Rhine
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Parapsychology Lab at Duke
9. Who was found guilty of fraud?
Henry Sidgwick
Stapel
Goldstein
Bem
10. Why was PEARs result highly significant?
Experimentor bias manipulated the results to make the effect larger than it was
Although the result was significant, the experiment was done under uncontrolled conditions and so is not generalisable to the general population
Significant was high because n was high, not because of a large effect. Effect driven by a few in thousand events.
Significant was high because n was small, not because of a large effect. Effect driven by a few in thousand events.
11. What is a reason for paying more attention to P VALUES over effect sizes?
If you have controlled your experiment even small effects are interesting
Because small experimental biases can give rise to a high p if n is high, not a'real result'
12. In the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR), why is RNG necessary for ESP work?
To eliminate experimentor bias
Because computers can only generate pseudo-random numbers
Because the numbers need to be manipulable and controlled
13. What is the issue with multiple comparisons?
If you do lots of tests on a single dataset/multiple studies some will be signif only by chance. e.g probability of getting a posi result x 13 experiments...likely that one will be significant
A post hoc definition of success. Not defining predictions before the experiment
Bad data are not included in the study and people being reluctant to publish negative results/replications
14. What is ESP?
Extrasensory perception
Extraterrestrial percpetion
Extrasomatic perception
Ethicalpractice perception
15. What is a reason for paying more attention to EFFECT SIZES over p values?
Because small experimental biases can give rise to a high p if n is high, not a'real result'
If you have controlled your experiment even small effects are interesting
16. Which of these was NOT an issue with Bem et al (2011)?
Unequal variances
Correlational measures
All results near threshold
Data peeking and file drawer problem
Eneven sample sizes
1 tail t-tests
17. Who was the first group/experimentor to propose applying modern scientific methods to the study of psychic phenomena?
Rhine
American Association for the Advancement of Science
