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6. The preferred value/firing rate of V4 neurons...

  • Varies systematically with the shape and orientation of simple silhouettes
  • Varies systematically with the shape and orientation of global form
  • Varies systematically with the shape and orientation of complex objects
  • Varies systematically with the shape and orientation of object affordances

7. Which is more likely to exist in the brain?

  • Sparse/dense population codes
  • Grandmother cells

8. What is coarse coding?

  • The same neuron can be used to detect the presence of a stimuli based on its similarity to a prototypical representation
  • Each neuron represents a range of possible input values
  • Information about the stimulus is carried in the precise timing of individual spikes
  • Information about the stimulus is carried in the rate of firing

9. In the retinal code for colour, how many types of photoreceptor cones are there?

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

10. Population codes...?

  • Create U shaped tuning curves
  • Resolve ambiguity present in the firing of individual neurons
  • Create conflict between individual neurons
  • Create L shaped tuning curves

11. What is a spectral colour?

  • Colours that correspond to a single wavelength
  • Mixtures of colours that produce the same activity as a spectral colour
  • A firing rate weighted average of each neurons preferred value

12. What is a metamer?

  • Mixtures that produce the same activity as a spectral colour
  • Colours that correspond to a single wavelength

13. How can you calculate a weighted average of directional measures as in Georgopoulous et al?

  • Vector sum of prefered directions weighted by firing rate. Population vector predicts actual movement
  • Firing rate x vector sum of preferred directions weighted by amplitude
  • Firing rate x vector sum of preferred directions weighted by firing rate
  • Vector sum of prefered directions weighted by firing rate. Population vector does not predict actual movement

14. What was the task in a study by Georgopoulous et al?

  • The monkey moves the lever from the centre to a direction along 360 degree of points.
  • The monkey moves the lever from the monkeys position to a direction along 180 degree of points.
  • The monkey moves the lever from the centre to a direction along 180 degree of points.
  • The monkey moves the lever from the the monkeys position to a direction along 360 degree of points.

15. What is breadth of tuning in relation to sparsity?

  • The proportion of stimuli to which a given neuron responds
  • How many neurons are found in a space which codes for a particular stimulus (influences gross firing rate)
  • The proportion of neurons that fire in a given time window
  • A subset of the grandmother cell hypothesis

16. What is the name for a pattern that cant be distinguished aka a indistinguishable percept?

  • Metamers, mixtures that produce the same activity. Cant be distinguished from spectral colours
  • Spectral colours, mixtures that produce the same activity. Cant be distinguished from metamers.

17. What was found in a study by Georgopoulous et al?

  • Activity increases when lever is about to be moved in the preferred direction
  • Activity decreases whilstr the lever is moved in the preferred direction
  • Activity increases after the lever is moved in the preferred direction
  • Activity decreases when lever is about to be moved in the preferred direction

18. What can be used to decode the value signalled from coarse coding?

  • A firing rate weighted average of each neurons preferred value
  • A temporally weighted average of each neurons preferred value
  • A histologically weighted average of each neurons preferred value
  • An amplitude weighted average of each neurons preferred value

19. Which is the correct way to work out a firing rate weighted average?

  • (Sum of) Firing rate x preferred firing/total amount of firing
  • (Sum of) Firing rate x preferred firing/preferred firing of the cell
  • Preferred firing + firing rate x cell output
  • (Sum of) Preferred firing + firing rate x cell output/number of cells

20. How can the ambiguity in single neuron bell curves be resolved?

  • Adding another neuron, different patterns seen at each stimulus value
  • Considering the population vectors and neurons in surrounding areas, different patterns seen at each stimulus value
  • Increasing the amount of presented stimulus
  • Decreasing the amount of presented stimulus