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6. B cell receptors recognise...

  • Pathogen toxins
  • Tumour cells
  • Non-self antigens
  • Self antigens

7. When naive T cells are first activated, the major cytokine they secrete is...

  • IL-8
  • IL-2
  • IL-gamma
  • IL-1

8. What is the role of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes (CTLs)

  • The clearance of viral infections, intracellular bacteria/parasites, and cancer
  • Neutralising toxins in the body from bacteria
  • Killing ineffective T cells
  • Killing ineffective B cells

9. T cells are ___% of blood lymphocytes

  • 20%
  • 80%
  • 65%
  • 97%

10. What happens in stage 3 of T cell maturation?

  • Double positive T cells encounter epithelial cells expressing self-peptides in class 1 and 2 MHC. Positive and negative selection occurs
  • The T cells leave the thymus
  • T cells activate B cells to test if they work
  • The T cells travel to the spleen

11. Which of these is NOT a role of T lymphocytes?

  • Activation of B cells
  • Propagation of tumour cells
  • Apoptosis of infected/tumour cells
  • Cell-mediated immunity

12. What are germinal centres?

  • sites within the bone marrow where mature B cells proliferate, differentiate, and mutate their antibody genes
  • sites within secondary lymphoid organs where mature B cells proliferate, differentiate, and mutate their antibody genes
  • sites within primary lymphoid organs where mature B cells proliferate, differentiate, and mutate their antibody genes
  • sites within B cell organelles in which genetic rearrangement occurs

13. What screening system is used in T cell maturation

  • Positive feedback loops
  • Size-based 'nets'
  • Positive and negative selection
  • Negative feedback loops

14. How do NK cells recognise antibody-coated cells?

  • following the gradient of perforin
  • with receptor FcR CD16
  • the Opposing Signals Model
  • through Fas-Fas ligand interaction

15. How are CTLs armed directly?

  • Potent signals from dendritic cells
  • By antigen specific Th1 cells
  • Potent signals from Th1 cells
  • By antigen specific dendritic cells

16. What is the function of NK cells

  • Recognise and kill virus infected and cancerous cells
  • To kill cells expressing high levels of MHC 1
  • To stimulate other immune cells
  • We do not know, but it is involved in the adaptive response

17. Which of these is NOT a cell that T cells can differentiate into?

  • Cytotoxic lymphocyte
  • Professional APC
  • T helper cell
  • Suppressor cell

18. Which is a brief description of the Opposing Signals model?

  • NK cells recognise altered self cells through inhibition and activation receptors
  • NK cells recognise altered self cells through inhibition and activation cytokines
  • NK cells recognise altered self cells through inhibition and activation Igs
  • NK cells recognise altered self cells through inhibition and activation chemical signals

19. Where do T lymphocytes originate?

  • Spinal cord
  • Bone marrow
  • Thymus
  • Cerebellum

20. Which of the following is NOT a role of B cells

  • Activating T cells
  • Producing antibodies
  • Creating immunological immunity
  • Creating humoral immunity