A nation with the ability to project its influence anywhere in the world and be a dominant global force.
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Hyperpower
An unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power (political, economic, cultural, military, etc) - e.g. Great Britain from 1850 to 1910.
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Blue water navy
One which can deploy into the open ocean, i.e. with large, ocean-going ships. Many smaller nations only have a green water navy designed to patrol littoral waters, i.e. those close to the nation's coastline.
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Diplomacy
The negotiation and decision-making that takes place between nations as part of international relations, leading to international agreements and treaties.
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Ideology
A set of beliefs, values and opinions held by the majority of people in a society. These determine what is considered normal or acceptable behaviour. Superpowers project their ideology on others.
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Geo-strategic policies
Policies that attempt to meet the global and regional policy aims of a country by combining diplomacy with the movement and positioning of military assets.
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Cold War
A period of tension between ideologically rival superpowers the capitalist USA and communist USSR that lasted from 1945 to 1990.
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Colonial control
Refers to the direct control exerted over territories conquered mainly European powers in the period 1600 to 1900 - they were ruled by force, with almost no power or influence being given to the original population.
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Acculturation
A process of cultural change that takes place when two different cultures meet and interact.
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Sphere of influence
The geographical area over which a powerful country can assert its authority.
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Dependency
[In the context of economic development:] Progress of a developing country is influenced by economic, cultural and political forces that are controlled by developed countries.
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Free trade
The exchange of goods and services free of import/export taxes and tariffs or quotas on trade volume.
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Inter-governmental organisations (IGOs)
Regional or global organisations whose members are nation nation states; they uphold treaties and international law, as well as allowing cooperation on issues such as trade, economic policy, human rights, conservation and military operations.
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How is brand value measured?
Measured using metrics such as market share, customer opinion of the brand and brand loyalty.
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Sanctions
The aim is to force a country back to the negotiating table without using military force.
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Middle class
People with discretionary income - they can spend this on consumer goods and perhaps holidays. Global middle class is defined as people with an annual income over US$10,000.
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Nutrition transition
Change in diet from staple carbohydrates towards protein, dairy products and fat - often includes eating more processed food.
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Staple foods
Carbohydrates relied on in large quantity and eaten regularly, such as potatoes and wheat for bread in Europe and North America, maize in Latin America, and rice in Asia.
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Rare earth minerals
Group of metal elements crucial to modern communication, medical and laser technology; found dispersed in rocks, they are hard to mine, costly and supplies are limited.
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Exclusive economic zone (EEZ)
Area of ocean extending 200 nautical miles beyond the coastline, over which a nation controls the sea and sub-sea resources. EEZ borders are decided by the UN in the event of a dispute.
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Arab Spring
Series of pro-democracy, pro-human rights civil uprisings in 2011 that affected Syria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Bahrain and Iran. Some governments were overthrown but, in most cases, protracted instability followed the uprisings.
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Islamic State (IS, ISIS, ISIL or Daesh)
Jihadist terrorist organisation that rose to prominence in 2013 during the Syrian Civil war, occupying parts of the Middle East and carrying out terrorist attacks worldwide.
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Economic restructuring
Shift from primary and secondary industry towards tertiary and quaternary industry as a result of deindustrialisation.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
An unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power (political, economic, cultural, military, etc) - e.g. Great Britain from 1850 to 1910.
Back
Hyperpower
Card 3
Front
One which can deploy into the open ocean, i.e. with large, ocean-going ships. Many smaller nations only have a green water navy designed to patrol littoral waters, i.e. those close to the nation's coastline.
Back
Card 4
Front
The negotiation and decision-making that takes place between nations as part of international relations, leading to international agreements and treaties.
Back
Card 5
Front
A set of beliefs, values and opinions held by the majority of people in a society. These determine what is considered normal or acceptable behaviour. Superpowers project their ideology on others.
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