When the participants in an observation study are not informed that they are being studied.
1 of 31
Closed Questions
A set list of questions with set answers that participants may select.
2 of 31
Ethnical Considerations
When questions are raised about the morality of reasearch. e.g. anonymity, informed consent
3 of 31
Generalisations
General statements make about a subgroup studied and the broader population
4 of 31
Interview Effect
When participants in an interview give answers they think the interviewer wants to hear, rather than the truth.
5 of 31
Interviewer Effect
When the interviewer influences the participants responses, sometimes linked with the interviewers age or appearance.
6 of 31
Longitudinal Studies
Research carried out over a long period of time.
7 of 31
Observer Effect
When the researchers presence in a group influences the behaviour of the group
8 of 31
Official Statistics
Already existing sources of quantitative data compiled by government agencies, e.g. Home Office.
9 of 31
Open-ended Questions
A set of questions that participants can answer and extended on their answers.
10 of 31
Overt Observation
When groups being studied are informed that there is a researcher present.
11 of 31
Pilot Study
When researchers carry out a "test-run" of their research technique to identify any issues before conducting the research fully.
12 of 31
Population
Refers to the number of people living in a region, country or the world.
13 of 31
Primary Data
Data collected by yourself first-hand
14 of 31
Qualatative Data
Data that cannot be layed out in a graph or fully analysed. e.g. Open-ended Questions
15 of 31
Quantitative Data
Data that can be input into databases and analysed and compared. e.g. Closed Questions
16 of 31
Reliability
Refers to the validity of certain research
17 of 31
Representative Sample
A sample of people studied who represent a larger group of people or the broader population
18 of 31
Research Aims
The goal that researchers set out to investigate before conducting their research
19 of 31
Research Design
The combination of techniques and sources used in a particular study. e.g. Observation, Interviews
20 of 31
Research Process
The process of carrying out sociological research involving certain stages: Research Aims, Hypothesis, Pilot Study, Sample Selection, Data Collection, Data Analysis and Evaluation.
21 of 31
Reseach Techniques
Systematic methods of collecting data. e.g. Questionnaires, Observation
22 of 31
Sample
Members of the population selected for study
23 of 31
Sampling Frame
A list of those from which a sample is drawn. e.g. Membership Lists, School Registers
24 of 31
Sampling (Quota)
Often used by market researchers who interview people on the street - each interviewer has to interview an exact quota of people from categories. e.g. Females, Teenagers
25 of 31
Sampling (Random)
Each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in a sample
26 of 31
Sampling (Snowball)
The researcher contacts one member of the population, gradually gaining their confidence until they are willing to identify others in the same population who might co-operate. e.g. Youth Subcultures, Homeless
27 of 31
Sampling (Stratified)
Dividing the population into strata (layers, subgroups) and then randomly drawing a sample from each subgroup in proportion to the numbers in the population.
28 of 31
Sampling (Systematic)
Involves taking every "nth" item from a sampling frame. e.g. Every 10th name from a register
29 of 31
Secondary Data
Information that already exists and has been collected by other people. e.g. Official Statistics
30 of 31
Validity
How reliable information is depending on certain factors. e.g. It's source
31 of 31
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Closed Questions
Back
A set list of questions with set answers that participants may select.
Comments
Report