pps shown 612 memorable pictures, one at a time. An hour later- shown some of same pics and some others= perfect recognition. 4 months later= 50% recognition
1 of 19
Bahrick et al 1975- duration of LTM
people of various ages asked to put names to faces from their yearbook. 48 years on- 70% accuracy
2 of 19
Peterson and Peterson (1959)- duration of STM
24 students. experimenter said a consonant syllable (nonsense trigram) to pp followed by 3 digits. once heard pp counts backwards from 999 in 3/4s until told to stop (interference). pp then recalled trigram. retention interval increased by 3.
3 of 19
Peterson and Peterson's findings
3 second interval= 90% accuracy. 2% accuracy after 18 seconds
4 of 19
Nairne et al (1999)- duartion of STM
item recall across 96 seconds.pps asked to recall same items across trials. Material lasts in STM unless replaced by other material
5 of 19
Miller (1956)- capacity of STM
wrote an article called 'magic number seven plus or minus two'. Reviewed psychological research and found avg= 7 items of info. Also found chunking increases capacity
6 of 19
Simon (1974)- capacity of STM/ chunking
The size of the chunk affects how many chunks you can remember. People had a shorter memory span for larger chunks, such as 8-word phrases, than smaller chunks, such as 1-syllable words.
7 of 19
Cowan (2001)- capacity of STM/ chunking
reviewed studies on the capacity and concluded STM= 4 chunks
8 of 19
Jacobs (1887)- capacity of STM
found the avg for letters= 7.3 and 9.3 for numbers. There are only 9 numbers and 26 letters. Also found digit-span increased with age
9 of 19
Baddeley (1966)- encoding
tested effects of acoustic and semantic similarity on short and long term memory. gave pps lists of words to learn and recall. Word lists were either: acoustically dis/similar, semantically dis/similar.
10 of 19
Baddeley (1966)- findings
pps found acoustically similar hard in STM but not LTM. Semantically similar was hard in LTM not STM= acoustic confusion in STM and semantic confusion in LTM
11 of 19
Brandimote et al (1992)- encoding
pps used visual encoding in STM when given a visual taskand prevented from verbal rehearsal in retention interval before performing visual recall task.
12 of 19
Frost (1972)- encoding
long term recall related to visual as well as semantic categories
13 of 19
define LTM
memory for events that have happened in the past. this lasts anywhere from 2 minutes to 100 years ago.
14 of 19
define STM
memory for immediate events. STM memories last a very short time and disappear unless rehearsed
15 of 19
define duration
measure of how long memory lasts before it is no longer available
16 of 19
Define capacity
a measure of how much information can be held in memory. Measured in terms of bits of information such as digits.
17 of 19
define encoding
the way informatin is changed so that it can be stored in memory. Info enters brain through the senses and is then stored in various forms.
18 of 19
define chunking
Miller proposed that the capacity of STM can be increased by grouping bits of info together (logically/memorably).
19 of 19
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Bahrick et al 1975- duration of LTM
Back
people of various ages asked to put names to faces from their yearbook. 48 years on- 70% accuracy
Comments
No comments have yet been made