Structural and Functional Brain Anatomy

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What are the six parts of the brain?
Anterior (front), posterior (back), superior/ dorsal (top), inferior/ ventral (bottom), and lateral (right and left).
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What are the three orientations of slices?
Axial, coronal and sagittal.
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What is the purpose of the corpus calllosum?
Connects the two hemispheres.
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What is the cerebral cortex?
Made of neurons.
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Where are grey and white matter situated?
Grey matter is on the outer part, white matter is under the grey matter and is made of axons.
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What is a gyrus?
A plateau on the cortical surface.
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What is a sulcus?
A fold in the cortical surface.
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What is intercallosal transfer?
Electrical impulses travelling between hemispheres.
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What are the four lobes of the brain?
Occipital, frontal, parietal and temporal.
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What kind of functions transcend the boundaries between lobes?
High order functions.
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What is cytoarchitecture?
The structure of cells in the brain.
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What is the reticular formation?
A complex network of cells in the core of the brain-stem, involved in the control of arousal and sleep.
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What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
It controls the circadian rhythm (body clock).
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What is the ventromedial nucleus?
It controls the conversion of blood glucose into body fat.
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What is phrenology?
The method of localising mental processes anatomically.
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What is equipotentiality?
The idea that different parts of the brain may be equally involved in cognitive functions.
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What is Broca's area and where is it located?
It is in the left interior frontal lobe, and lesions to this area cause deficits in speech production.
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What is the pathway for perception of sensory information?
Primary visual/ auditory/ sensory motor areas ---> Secondary sensory areas ---> Association areas.
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What is contralateral?
The information from each half of the visual field reaches the opposite side of the brain.
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What happens in the primary visual cortex?
The relative spatial positions of features in the visual field are preserved.
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What does the 'what' pathway of visual processing do?
Analyses features of the stimulus.
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What does the 'where' pathway of visual processing do?
Rapidly detects the stimulus location and motion.
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What does the fusiform gyrus do?
It responds to highly complex visual stimuli.
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What is prosopagnosia?
When cells in the Fusiform Face Area are damaged or degenerate, causing impaired face recognition.
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Which area of the brain exerts direct control over movement?
The primary motor cortex, in the frontal lobe.
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What do the pre-motor and supplementary motor areas do?
They plan movement and integrate motor behaviour with other behaviours.
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What areas are involved in coordination and timing of movements?
The Basal Ganglia, the Cerebellum and the Substantia Nigra.
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What type of memory had been linked to the medial temporal lobe?
Episodic memory.
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Where is language localised?
The left hemisphere.
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Which brain area expanded the most in the course of evolution?
The lateral frontal cortex.
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Why is little brain space dedicated to basic physiological processes?
Because these vital functions are hard-wired in the brain.
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What are the issues with non-invasive brain measurement techniques?
They may be spatially inadequate or crude.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the three orientations of slices?

Back

Axial, coronal and sagittal.

Card 3

Front

What is the purpose of the corpus calllosum?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the cerebral cortex?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Where are grey and white matter situated?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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