Stress and Anxiety

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What does the meta-model of stress, emotions and performance do?
Explains the relationship between stressors, how one perceives and responds to stressors and copes with them in a sport performance
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What are 3 types of stressors?
competitive, personal and organisational
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Stressors can be: internal, external, conscious and what?
unconscious
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What are the properties of stressors?
Intensity, frequency and duration
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What are some dimensions of stressors?
event uncertainty, temporal uncertaintly, novelty, predictability
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Define appraisal
How one evaluate and perceives a stressor. Can be positive or negative
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On what two levels does appraisal occur?
Primary (subconscious and instantaneous) (How does this affect me/do I care) and Secondary (what can I do? - coping resources, in relation to goals)
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What are the 3 types of responses to stressors?
Mental (worry, doubt), physical (shaking, sweating), behavioural (withdrawn)
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What are the categories of emotional response to stressors?
Valence, intelligence, interpretation, contagion and labour
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What determines how you deal with pressure?
Beliefs, attitudes and past experiences
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What are outcomes of stress?
+ve or -ve on well-being and performance
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How can stress management be differentiated?
Level of intervention and scope of intervention
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Explain primary interventions for stress
Proactive/preventative: reducing properties of stressors. Targeting training. Reducing stressor
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Explain secondary interventions for stress
Preventative/reactive: changing way person appraises and responds to stressor. Targeting individual. Using psych skills training
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Explain tertiary interventions for stress
Happens after negative response. Rehab. Treatment once response has occured and coping has not occured
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Define arousal
intensity of psychological and physiological aspects of behaviour
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Define stress
Demand placed on individual who then has to cope. Cognitive appraisal is central to stress process
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Define state anxiety
subjective feelings of tension
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Define trait anxiety
a general disposition of high state anxiety in response to variety of situation
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Cognitive Anxiety is also known as:
Worry
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Somatic Anxiety is also known as:
physiological arousal
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Define cognitive anxiety:
negative expectations and cognitive concerns about situation or oneself
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Define somatic anxiety
perception of physiological affective elements of arousal
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What does the Sport Anxiety Scale measure?
cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and concentration disruption
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What does the CSAI-2 measure?
cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence
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What are the differences between men and women in antecedents for cognitive anxiety?
Women = readiness to perform and importance of doing well. Men = ability vs opponents and probability of winning
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What did Gould et al (1984) theorise about cognitive/somatic anxiety
cognitive anxiety remains fairly low before comp. somatic is low until one or two days and then increases steadily
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Explain the Inverted U hypothesis (Yerkes and Dodson, 1908)
Increases in arousal facilitate performance up to a point (optimal arousal) after which performance will decrease
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What are the problems with Inverted U hypothesis?
Too simplistic --> no explanation of how arousal affects performance
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How has arousal been suggested to affect performance?
arousal = patterning of physiological parameters. If patterning is appropriate for task performance is maintained
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What is the distinction betwee activation and arousal
activation = response to new and external input arousal = response to new and internal input
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Explain Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning theory
Each person has an individual zone of optimal preperformace anxiety. If in this zone optimal performance likely to occur
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Describe Marten's 1990 MDA theory
Cognitive anxiety has negative relationship with performance - worry takes cognitive resources away from task. Somatic anxiety has quadratic relationship - performance optimal as medium levels of somatic anxiety. Self-belief =+ve relationship
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Describe Hardy and Fazey's (1987) cusp catasrophe model
Under high levels of cog anxiety, arousal increases and so will performance. If arousal increase beyond this = peformance suffers large drop = catastrophe . Reduction in arousal needed before regaining performance
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Explain higher-order catastrophe theory
added bias-factor (self-confidence) - performers with high s-c might withstand high arousal
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Explain reversal theory
telic-paratelic states. Telic = fairly serious, prefer low arousal. Paratelic = spontaneous, prefer high arousal. If telic see arousal as anxiey and para see it as excitement. Can switch betwee them depending on task demands
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Explain information processing model
performance either enhanced or reduced by arousal depending on task. If a task is more dependent on STM , higher levels of arousal are detrimental. If task requires rapid throughput on info arousal will be facilitative
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Describe model of facilitative and debilitative competitive anxiety
individual differences affect perceived control over stressor. If positive then anxiety is facilitative, if negative then anxiety is debilitative
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What is the processing efficiency theory?
Perfomers who cognitive aniet y is elevated are more likely to lapse into conscious controlling of automatic skills resulting in breakdown of performance
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What are some applied implications of stress research
psyching up = great care, difficult to recover, stress management strategies, attainable goals, effective self-talk and cognitive restructuring strategies
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are 3 types of stressors?

Back

competitive, personal and organisational

Card 3

Front

Stressors can be: internal, external, conscious and what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the properties of stressors?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are some dimensions of stressors?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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