STM and LTM 2

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What was the reason Jacobs (1887) suggest people remembered more numbers than letters?
there are only 9 numbers and 26 letters
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What did Jacobs (1887) find the average capacity span of an individual to be?
9.3 digits and 7.3 letters
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What was the experiment George Miller (1956) used to reach his 7+/-2 thesis?
people can usually reliably count 7 dots flashed on a screen but few more
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how did Miller's (1956) findings different from Jacobs (1887)?
he found that people were able to recall letters as easily as they were to recall numbers by chunking them together
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E1: how many chunks did Cowen suggest STM was limited to in his (2001) review?
4
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E1: who else supported the claim that STM is limited to 4 chunks?
Vogel et al (2001) demonstrated that four items was about the capacity of visual stimuli
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E2: who suggested that the size of chunk affects capacity?
Simon (1974) found that we had a shorter memory span for longer chunks ( complex polysyllabic sentences) than shorter chunks (monosyllables)
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E3: What else did Jacob suggest affected capacity?
individual differences such as age
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E3: Jacobs (1887) found a boy of 6 could remember how many digits?
6.6
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E3: Jacobs (1887) found a boy of 19 could remember how many digits?
8.6
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E3: what could the increase be due to?
either increase in brain capacity or people develop strategies to cope with digit spans when they are older
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How did Peterson + Peterson (1959) test the duration of STM?
They asked 24 students to remember a consonant syllable for a retention interval of 3,6,9,12,15 and 18 seconds. during the retention interval they had to count back from their three digit number
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in Peterson + Peterson (1959) what was the accuracy recall rate over 3 seconds?
90%
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in Peterson + Peterson (1959) what was the accuracy recall rate over 9 seconds?
20%
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in Peterson + Peterson (1959) what was the accuracy recall rate over 18 seconds?
2%
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Bahrick (1975) what was the accuracy rate for the
90%
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Bahrick (1975) what was the accuracy rate for the >48 years since school (Photo recognition)
70%
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Bahrick (1975) what was the accuracy rate for the
60%
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Bahrick (1975) what was the accuracy rate for the >48 years since school (free recall)
30%
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E1: waht is one issue with psychological studies of STM duration?
the research can be artificial: nonsense trigrams lacks mundane realism
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E1: is there ever an acceptation?
We do try and remember seemingly meaningless words and codes: eg. telephone numbers/post codes
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E2: Why might STM duration studies be invalid?
the effect of displacement: where chunks of information overwrite previously learned information
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E2: who solved this problem?
Reitman (1974)used auditory tones instead of numbers so disparagement wouldn't occur
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E2: what did Reitman (1974) find during the study?
that STM was longer than originaly thought, suggesting petersons study was due to displacment not the naturallimit of our STM
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What is the limit of STM unaffected by dsiplacment?
Narine (1999) found that it could last up to 96 seconds
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When did Baddely conduct his research into coding?
1966 1 and 2
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E1: Baddely may not have tested LTM: why?
STM PPs were tested immediately whereas LTM PPs ony were given 20 minutes before recall (not long enough, some argue)
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E2: Who found evidence to suggest that not all STM coding is acoustic?
Brandimote (1992) when prevented from translating what they saw on a painting into audible information by saying lalala... then PPs used visual codes
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E2: who elsed found evidence that STM codes semantically?
Wickens (1976)
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E3: Who found evidence of visual coding in LTM?
Frost (1972)
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E3: Who found evidence of acoustic coding in LTM?
Nelson and Rothbart (1972)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What did Jacobs (1887) find the average capacity span of an individual to be?

Back

9.3 digits and 7.3 letters

Card 3

Front

What was the experiment George Miller (1956) used to reach his 7+/-2 thesis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

how did Miller's (1956) findings different from Jacobs (1887)?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

E1: how many chunks did Cowen suggest STM was limited to in his (2001) review?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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