Stem Cells

?
What do early embyo cells show?
totipotency
1 of 21
What is totipotency?
They can make any cell type
2 of 21
What do older embryos show?
Pluripotency
3 of 21
What does pluripotent mean?
can make most cell types
4 of 21
What are differentiated cells?
Some are multipotent stem cells(in bone marrow)
5 of 21
What are three sources of stem cells?
Embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells and fused cells
6 of 21
What is the advantage of embryonic stem cells?
Easy to extract and grow
7 of 21
What are four disadvantages of embryonic stem cells?
ethical issues, possible rejection by patients body, risk of infection when cells are received, risk of stem cells becomming cancerous in the body
8 of 21
What are the advantages of adult stem cells?
Fewer ethical issues, rejection risk avoided if stem cells taken from patient
9 of 21
What are three disadvantages of adult stem cells?
difficult to extract, more difficult to produce different cell types and risk of infection when cells extracted and recieved
10 of 21
What are the advantages of fused cells?
rejection risk avoided if nucleus taken from patient, potential for treating genetic disorders
11 of 21
what are three disadvantages of fused cells?
ethical issues with source of embryonic nuclei, risk of infection when cells received and risk of stem cells becoming cancerous in body
12 of 21
What four diseases can stem cells be used for?
Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes and burns
13 of 21
What is Parkinson's disease?
loss of nerve cells in the brain that are involved in muscle control
14 of 21
What is MS?
the electrical insulating layer surrounding nerve cells break down
15 of 21
What is the first stage in cells becoming specialised?
The correct stimulus is given to the unspecialised cells, eg chemical stimulus
16 of 21
What happens when these chemicals are given to cells?
some genes are switched on and become active; other genes are switched off
17 of 21
What is made from active genes
Messenger RNA
18 of 21
What does the mRNA do?
Moves to the ribosomes; the ribosomes read the mRNA and the appropriate protein is made
19 of 21
What can the protein do?
permantly alter the structure and function of the cells
20 of 21
What are two similarites between totipotent and pluripotent stem cells?
both are undifferentiated and can give rise to cells that become more specialised
21 of 21

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is totipotency?

Back

They can make any cell type

Card 3

Front

What do older embryos show?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does pluripotent mean?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are differentiated cells?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Biological molecules resources »