Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyCellular processes and structureASAQA Created by: LucySPGCreated on: 01-06-13 12:40 What is a polysaccharide? A substance whose molecules are polymers made up of many sugars 1 of 25 How are polysaccharides formed? By combining together many monosaccharide molecules 2 of 25 What is the name of this process? Condensation reaction 3 of 25 What bonds join the monosaccharides? Glycosidic bonds 4 of 25 Describe the two features of a polysaccharide molecule Large and insoluble 5 of 25 What happens when polysaccharides are hydrolysed? They break down into disaccharides or monosaccharides 6 of 25 What is starch? A polysaccharide found in many parts of a plant in the form of small grains 7 of 25 How do plants store glucose? As starch 8 of 25 What happens when a plant needs more glucose for energy? It breaks down starch to release glucose 9 of 25 What is starch made up of? Chains of a-glucose monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic bonds formed by condensation reactions 10 of 25 What is the main role of starch? Storage 11 of 25 Starch is suited for storage because... It is insoluble and therefore does not draw water into cells by osmosis 12 of 25 Starch is suited for storage because... Being insoluble it does not easily diffuse out of cells 13 of 25 Starch is suited for storage because... It is compact, so a lot of it can be stored in a small space 14 of 25 Starch is suited for storage because... When hydrolysed it forms a-glucose which is both easily transported and readily used in respiration 15 of 25 How do animals store glucose? As glycogen 16 of 25 What is glycogen? A polysaccharide of a-glucose and is the major cabohydrate storage of animals 17 of 25 How and where is it stored in animals? It is stored as small granules mainly in the muscles and in the liver 18 of 25 Describe the structure of glycogen Shorter chains and highly branched 19 of 25 What does more branches mean? Stored glucose can be released quickly which is important for energy release in animals 20 of 25 What does smaller chains mean? It can be hydrolysed to a-glucose 21 of 25 What is cellulose made of? Monomers of B-glucose 22 of 25 What are the bonds between the sugars like? Straight so the cellulose chains are straight 23 of 25 Describe the structure of cellulose Straight, unbranched chains that run parallel to one another, allowing hydrogen bonds to form cross-linkages between adjacent chains 24 of 25 What is the role of cellulose? To provide rigidity to plant cell walls and prevent it from bursting y exerting an outward pressure that stops any further influx of water 25 of 25
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