secondary revolution from below to modernise russia
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What where Stalins motives
To confirm authority and allow Russia to rival west economically grow 100 years in 10
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How did Stalin plan to achieve this
Collectivisation and Industrilisation (5YP)
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Explain Collectivisation
Forming collective farms taking land from the peasants and giving it too the state. Peasants get small wage and government sell abroad to fund Industrialization
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Explain the Kulaks and there use
Stalin claimed they were 'middle men' richer peasants who hoarded land and grain and prevemted peasant revolution. Used de-Kulakisation as an example to other peasants.
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Explain the twenty five thousanders
early 1930s 25000 workers sent to collective farms to help industrialise however just took part in de-kulakisation
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Peasant resistance
Burning and destruction of crops animals and machinery - 30,000 arson attacks from peasants - rural disturbances increased by 1/3
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Strengths of Collectivisation
Communist beliefs unified and strengthend party - by 1930 half farms collectives all by 1941 - fed the cities - industrial workers increased to from 18% in 1928 to 50% in 1939
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Failures of Collectivisation
10 million exiled - horses halved - failed to raise production - 10 million deaths due to 1932-33 famine - 13 million deaths overall - grain production fell 1929-1933 (eventually increased)
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First 5 year plan
1928-1933 (finished year early as successful) Focused heavy industry - low labour productivity - Public trials Dombass region workers anti soviet conspiracy - fraud by officials and hoarding - New towns/cities built 1/4 million workers magnitogorsk
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Second 5 year plan
1933-1937 promised living and working but preparation for war and famine stopped this - rationing spending rose from 4 to 14% - Main focus heavy industry steel production trebled quantity not quality -Transport moscow underground canal Moscow-volga
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continued
People had to que a day for shoes - claimed over fulfilled by 3%- Stakhanovite movement to increase productivity
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Third 5 year plan
1937-1941 ended due to war - preparation for war double money spent than in 2Plan - purges created chaos - unstable workforce 1940 internal passport to guarantee stability
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Summary
1928 Rural semi industry to 1941 high industry urban - living and working conditions slightly improved - still low labour productivity and although economy still unstable still better than before.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What where Stalins motives
Back
To confirm authority and allow Russia to rival west economically grow 100 years in 10
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