Fitts 3 stage model, Gentiles 2 stage model and Neo-Bernstein perspective
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When did Fitt's develop the 3 stage model?
1967
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What is the idea of Fitt's 3 stage model?
Hierarchical theory that argues that learning is a continuous process, with gradual changes in information processing
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What are the 3 stages in Fitt's model?
Cognitive, associative, autonomous
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What is the cognitive stage like?
Lots of cognitive processing, gross errors, failure to notice errors, rigidity, choppy, high attentional demands
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What is associative stage like?
Less cognitive activity, fewer gross errors, ability to detect, fewer attentional demands
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What is the autonomous stage like?
Few reach it, attention reallocated to decision making, consistent and confident, very few errors
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What is the idea of Bernsteins model of learning?
Dynamical systems theory - needs to solve DOF problem by reducing number
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What is the novice stage?
Freezing out of DOF to simplify movement, makes it look rigid
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What is the advanced stage?
Reinstated DOF helps learner to familiarise with laws that govern movement, while still not overloading systsm
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What is the expert stage?
DOF continue to be released and reorganised, and learns to exploit passive forces that are external to them
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What are the 3 stages in Bernsteins model?
Novice, advanced and expert
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When did Bernstein develop model of learning?
1967
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When did Gentile develop 2 stage model?
1971-2000
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What are the 2 stages in Gentiles model?
1. Getting idea of movement 2. Diversification/fixation
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What happens in the first stage of Gentiles model?
A basic movement pattern is developed, and learner distinguishes between regulatory and non conditions
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What are some examples of regulatory conditions?
Ball size, speed of ball, players around
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How does the learner explore the movement possibilities?
Trial and error or self discovery/problem solving
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What needs to be provided in order to facilitate learning?
A practice that develops movement pattern, and environment that regulatory and non can be discriminated
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What is fixation?
The refinement of a movement pattern
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When is refinement used?
With closed skills
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What is a closed skill?
When the environment is not changing
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What is diversification?
The adaption of movement pattern to be able to suit ever changing environmental conditions so that the same movement is produced irrespective of dynamic environment
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