Sports unit 2

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  • Created by: Chloe
  • Created on: 21-01-20 20:20
What is physical activity?
(habitual) Movement of body by skeletal muscle. Results in increase in energy expenditure.
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What is exercise?
(planned, structured) Movement of body by skeletal muscle. Results in increase in energy expenditure. Leisure time activity.
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What is sport psychology?
Used to enhance performance: increase skill, reduce time...
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What is exercise psychology?
Predicting exercise uptake, increasing adherence and understanding why people do or don't exercise.
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Physical benefits of exercise...
Cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, reduced body fat etc.
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Psychological benefits of exercise...
Self confidence, tension reduction, mood etc.
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What intensity of aerobic exercise is most effective?
30-70% maximal heart rate
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What intensity of anaerobic exercise is most effective?
30-50% maximal heart rate
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Physiological hypothesis to why exercise affects well being?
Increased blood flow around the brain. Changes to neurotransmitters - endorphins, serotonin, noradrenaline. Increased max oxygen consumption.
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Psychological hypothesis to why exercise affects well being?
Increased sense of control, competence and self esteem. Fun and enjoyment, positive social interaction.
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UK Physical activity guidelines?
Daily. 150 mins per week. Minimise time being sedentary. Physical activity to improve muscle strength twice a week.
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Percentages meeting guidelines in highest income quintile?
76% men and 63% women.
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Percentages meeting guidelines in lowest income quintile?
55% men and 47% women.
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Two types of motive?
Extrinsic - rewards as a consequence of behaviour, winning, prize etc. Intrinsic - value lies within the behaviour itself, enjoyment, competence etc.
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The health belief model, Becker, 1974.
Engaging in exercise depends on a perception of threat to health. Somewhat inconsistent in predicting as developed originally to predict disease.
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Self efficacy theory, Bandura, 1977.
Suggests that exercise is engaged in as a result of a judgement of being able to carry out the behaviour and possessing the skills needed. Good predictor.
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Theory of reasoned action, Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975.
Beliefs and attitudes (tendency to have positive/negative thoughts/feelings towards exercise) influence engagement. Intentions are best predictor.
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3 components of attitude?
Cognitive - thoughts and beliefs. Affective - emotions and moods. Behavioural - actions and what we do.
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Theory of planned behaviour, Ajzen, 1985.
Intentions cannot be the sole predictor, and perceived behavioural control will also affect engagement.
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Attitude towards exercise.
Thoughts, feelings and actions regarding exercise. Strong influence on intention.
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Subjective norms.
Belief that other people around you will approve of engagement in exercise. Impact on and influenced by perceived control.
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Perceived control.
How easy you think it will be, if you can do it, have the right clothes etc. Can you overcome the barriers? If you believe you can then this affects intention and behaviour.
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Behaviour intention.
Strength of intention to engage in exercise. Strong influence on behaviour.
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Exercise behaviour.
What exercise you participate in.
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Transtheoretical model, 1992.
6 stages of change in relation to starting and maintaining exercise. Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, Termination.
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Precontemplation stage.
No intent to start in 6 months. May lack confidence or belief they can do it.
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Contemplation stage.
Serious intent to start in next 6 months. People stay here for long periods of time.
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Preparation stage.
Exercise a little but not enough to result in benefits. Plan of action perhaps.
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Action stage.
Regular exercise 3 or more times a week for 20 minutes or longer, but for less than 6 months. MOST UNSTABLE STAGE.
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Maintenance stage.
Regular exercise for more than 6 months. May fall prey to boredom or loss of focus. Constant requirement to keep up regime.
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Termination stage.
In maintenance for 5 plus years, so no longer in the progressive cycle. Active.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is exercise?

Back

(planned, structured) Movement of body by skeletal muscle. Results in increase in energy expenditure. Leisure time activity.

Card 3

Front

What is sport psychology?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is exercise psychology?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Physical benefits of exercise...

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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