whether attributions are under the conrol of the performers or under others or uncontrollable
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what is the only controllable factor
effort
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what are the uncontrollable factors
luck and wether
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what is learned helplessness
belief that failure is inevitable
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what causes learned helplessness
due to performers blaming failure on uncontrollable factors
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what is mastery orientation
belef that an individual will be motivated by becoming an expert in the skill - focus on effort and not concerned with others
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what is attribution retraining
changing learned helplessness into mastery orientation
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how is attribution retraining performed
self serving bias / linking success with internal factors and failure with external factors
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what is sports confidence
belief of certainty an individual has about their ability to be successful in sport
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what is self-efficacy
self confidence we have in a specific situation
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what are the links with high self confidence
reduce anxiety, perservere with tasks, links success with internal factors, approached behaviour
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what are the links with low self confidence
anxious, avoidance, give up easily, links failure with internal factors
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what are the 4 factors in the self-efficacy model
1)performance accomplishments - if success has been experience in the past SC is likely to be higher (especially if controlable) 2) vicarious experience - if we watch someone perform the skill successfully (especially if they are a similar standard)
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what are the 4 factors in the self-efficacy model (2)
3) social persuation - if we are encouraged to try (especially by significant others) 4) physiological and emotional state - if we can control our physiological and psycological arousal
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what are the characteristics of a good leader
good communication, clear goals, determination, high knowledge, confidence
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what is an emerging leader
a leader that comes from within the group
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what are the ads of an emerging leader
knowledge of the group / accepted by the group
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what are the disads of an emerging leader
lack of experience / freindships with team mates, must disapline
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what is a perscribed leader
a leader which is appointed from outside the group
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whats are the ads of a perscribed leader
experience / differnent vision / fresh start
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what are the disads of a perscrubed leader
lack of knowledge of the team / might not be accepted by the group
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what are the 3 types of leadership styles
autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire
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what is autocratic leadership
leader makes all the decisions no imput from others is taken
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when is autocratic leadership best suited
when disipline and control is needed / for beginners and team players / men prefer / good with lack of time
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what is democratic leadership
leader is concered with interpersonal relations and shares decision making
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wen is democratic leadership best suited
motivated group / advanced performers / prefered by females / good for small groups
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what is laissez-faire leadership
leader has no direct influence on group, lets the group make their own decisions
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when is laissex-faire leadership best suited
high level performers / develops creativity / good for assement of groups
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what is trait theory of leadership
leaders have innate characteristics that show leadership
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what are the disads of trait theory of leadership
doesnt take into account the enviroment / wont show leadership all the time
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