Spoken langaage terminology

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adjacency pair
Dialogue that follows a set pattern, e.g when speakers greet each other
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adjacency pairs
pairs of utterances that form the building blocks of a conversation, e.g question and anwser
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anaphora
When a word, usually a pronoun, refers back to something or someone that has already been mentioned, e.g Barrie cant come because HE'S ill
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back-channelling
A kind of feedback in spoken language that supports the person speaking and shows that what is being said is understood
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clipping
when a shortened version of a word becomes a word in its own right
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closed question
Short anwser question
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colloquialism
An informal word or phrase that wouldn't normally be used in formal written English. e,g how's it going mate?
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deixix
A reference to something outside of the text or conversation that can't be understood unless you know the context
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dialect
The destinctive lexis and grammer of a person's spoken english
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dipthong
Two vowel sounds that are joined together to form one sound, e.g the a in late is a dipthong as it starts with an e phoneme and finisheson an I
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Elision
when sounds or syllables are slurred together in speech to make pronunciation easier and quicker
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ellipsis
When part of a grammatical structure is left out of the sentence without affecting the meaning
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elucidation
Is when a speaker clarifies a point of information, e.g "what i mean is" or " i think what Sarah means is"
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evaluating
Is when a speaker offers judgements by supporting or opposing what another speaker has said
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face needs
using language that caters for peoples feelings
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false starts
Occur when an utterance is started in one way, is unfinished and then completley abandoned for another structure
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filler
A sound produced by speakers to keep a conversation going and avoid silence
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glottal stop
A sound produced when the vocal cords interrupt the flow of air, often o replace a t sound, e,g water becomes wah-uh
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hedges
Are linguisitic forms such as ' i think' 'im sure' 'you know' which express the speakers certainty and uncertainty about the topic under discussion
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hesitations
Are sounds which aren't words which are used to fill pauses. In Britain, these sounds tend to be represented by er, erm and em
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idiolect
An individuals accent and dialect features, as a result of their personal upbringing and experience
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idiom
A saying that doesn't make sense if interpreted literally but is understood becaause it's commonly used, e.g i could eat a horse
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initiators
Like 'well' 'ok' 'right' signal that a person is about to speak
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interrogative
A sentence or utterance that asks a question
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interruptions
Are violations of the turn-taking rules of conversation
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jargon
Specialist words that are used by a particular social or occupational group that may not be understood by a non-member
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Latch on
Occurs when the second speaker leaps in immediately after the first speaker has completed an utterance without even time for a micropause
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minimal response
such as 'mm' or 'yeah' are a way of indicating the listeners positive attention to the speaker, so supporting the speaker in their choice of topic. A delayed minimal response may slightly signify a lackof interest
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monitoring features
such as 'you know' and 'do you know what i mean' are used by the speaker to check that she she/he is saying is being heard
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neologisms
new words, often created by advances in things like technology and science
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open question
Question seeking a lengthy response
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overlaps
are instances of slight over anticipation by the next speaker, withthe next speaker beginning to speak at the very end of the current speakers turn
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paralingusitc features
Gestures or facial expressions that emphasise words or phrases in spoken communication
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Pause fillers
fillin what could be an embarrasing silence with extra words
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phatic language
Expressions that have a social function rather expressing serious meaning, e.g hello
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phonetics
the study of how speech sounds are made and recieved
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recycling
is simular to repetition but involves a hitch in production where the initial sounds(s) of a word are repeated before the speaker managed to get the word out . it is quite normal for this to happen on occasion.
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redundancy
is when a speaker gives more information than is strictly necessary
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repetition
in this context is unintentional and involves the repetition of idenitical words and structures next to eachother
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self corrections
are where the speaker realises that he/she has made a mistake and corrects it
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simultaneous speech
occurs when two or more people are speaking at the same time
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slang
informal, non-standard english
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soliciting
is when a speaker meakes a specifc demand of his/her listener
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tag question
A question added to the ed of a statement to encourage a repsonse
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turn-taking
is when 2 or more participants in a conversation tkae turns to respond appropriately to each others utterances
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vague completers
such as 'and all that' or 'and everything' are used to round off an utterance
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warrenting
is an expression of the degree of certainty a speaker feels about a subject using phrases such as ' of course' 'obviosly' 'indeed'
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

adjacency pairs

Back

pairs of utterances that form the building blocks of a conversation, e.g question and anwser

Card 3

Front

anaphora

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

back-channelling

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

clipping

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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