how words are pronounced. (indicates region or social class)
1 of 23
adress
How people address others e.g. mum, madam (indicates class or relationship)
2 of 23
Adjacency pairs
topic or subject of conversation (level of agreement/disagreement, dominance etc)
3 of 23
agenda
exchanges between different speakers with expected responses. (keeps conversation flowing. indicates power)
4 of 23
back channel features/co-operative signals
words, phrases interrupted by verbal utterances e.g. oh, i see, uh huh. (listener showing speaker they are listening/following)
5 of 23
backtracking
interrupting sequence to include info that should have been given earlier. (shows speaker monitors what they say)
6 of 23
contraction
reduced form marked with an apostrophe. (speeds up interaction. Informal)
7 of 23
Deixis/dietics
so listener knows who/what is being referred to e.g. that, there, this. (indicates co-opperation and awareness)
8 of 23
dialect
elements of speech (grammar and vocabulary) distinctly regional or social
9 of 23
discourse markers
words, phrases signalling relationship between utterances e.g. first, now. (signposts for the listener)
10 of 23
elision
omission or slurring of sounds/syllables e.g. dunno, wanna. (speeds up interaction. Informal)
11 of 23
ellipsis
omission of part of a grammatical structure e.g. You okay?. (casual relationship. informal tone)
12 of 23
False start
speaker begins an utterance then repeats or reformulates it. (self correction and monitoring)
13 of 23
filler
used to gain time e.g. erm, um, like. (enables speaker to gain time to speak)
14 of 23
hedges
vague words or phrases used to soften the force of something e.g. perhaps, maybe. (indicates politeness, uncertainty or co-operation)
15 of 23
idiolect
features making up a personal language or style of speaking
16 of 23
monitoring talk
words or phrases used to check or comment on what is being said e.g do you see what i mean? (checking the speaker understands. reviews a conversation.)
17 of 23
phatic talk
formulaic utterances with stock responses used to establish or maintain personal relationshops. e.g. how are you? fine thanks. (indicates politeness. keeps conversation flowing.)
18 of 23
repair
process by which the speaker recognises a speech error and repeats what has been said with some sort of correction.
19 of 23
simultaneous speech
when two people say the same thing at the same time. (indicates co-operation or impatience
20 of 23
tag questions
familliar questions, sometimes rhetorical added to a declarative sentence e.g. don't you? (indicates co-operation. invitation to respond)
21 of 23
vague questions
statements that sound imprecise and unassertive e.g. and so on, whatever, and stuff. (indicates uncertainty and lowers formality)
22 of 23
vocative
titles, terms of address used in initial position e.g. mum, can I? (creates personal relationship and encourages interaction)
23 of 23
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How people address others e.g. mum, madam (indicates class or relationship)
Back
adress
Card 3
Front
topic or subject of conversation (level of agreement/disagreement, dominance etc)
Back
Card 4
Front
exchanges between different speakers with expected responses. (keeps conversation flowing. indicates power)
Back
Card 5
Front
words, phrases interrupted by verbal utterances e.g. oh, i see, uh huh. (listener showing speaker they are listening/following)
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