- Have a flexible membrane and shape with a multi-lobed nucleus allows them to engulf foreign pathogens - many lysosomes in cytoplasm contain digestive enzymes to break down engulfed particles
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How is an erythrocyte specialised for its function?
- biconcave shape provides a large surface area for gas exchange, -no nucleus so more room for haemoglobin (and oxygen)
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How are epithelial cells specialised for their function?
- cells are joined by interlinking cell membranes and a membrane at their base, - ciliated epithelia have cilia that beat to move particles away, - squamous epithelia (lungs) very thin to allow efficient diffusion of gases
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How are sperm cells specialised for their function?
- have flagellum so they can swim to the egg, - lots of mitochondria to provide energy to swim, - arosome contains digestive enzymes to enable sperm to penetrate sufrace of the egg
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How are palisade mesophyll cells specialised for their function?
- contain many chloroplasts to absorb a lot of sunlight, - walls are thin so carbon dioxide can easily diffuse into the cell
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How are root hair cells specialised for their function?
- have a large surface area for absorption, - a thin, permeable cell wall for entry of water and ions, - extra mitochondria to provide energy needed for active transport
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How are guard cells specialised for their function?
- in the light they take up water and become turgid, - thin outer walls and thickened inner walls force them to bend outwards opening the stomata allowing leaf to exchange gases for photosynthesis
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How is the squamous epithelium tissue specialised for its function?
- single layer of thin, flat cells lining a surface (e.g. lungs) makes a short diffusion pathway
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How is the ciliated epithelium tissue speciliased for its function?
- layer of cells covered in cilia, - cilia beat in a rhythmic manner to move dust and particles, - goblet cells secrete mucus to trap dust particles in the air
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How is the muscle tissue specialised for its function?
- bundle of muscle fibres, - three different types 1) smooth, 2) cardiac, 3) skeletal, - contract to move parts of the body, - connective tissue separates muscle fibres
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How is cartilage specialised for its function?
- type of connective tissue, used for shape and support, - contains elastin and collagen fibres, - flexible by being composed of chondrocyte cells embedded in extracellular matrix, - prevents end of bones rubbing together and causing damage
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How is the xylem tissue specialised for its function?
- vessel elements are hollow, dead cells that provides a tube strucutre for easy transport for water, - lignin provide structural support, - 'pits' in the lignin allows for lateral movement of water
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How is the phloem tissue specialised for its function?
- have sieve plates wit holes in them so sap can move easily through them
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What is a tissue?
A group of specialised cells that work together to carry out a particular function
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What is an organ?
A group of specialised tissues that work together to carry out a particular function
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Example of a human organ:
The lungs - contain squamous epithelial tissue (alveoli) and ciliated epithelial tissue (bronchi), also have elastic connective tissue and vascular tissue (blood vessels)
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Example of a plant organ:
The leaves - contain palisade tissue for photosynthesis, epidermal tissue (prevent water loss), and xylem and phloem tissue in the veins
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How is an erythrocyte specialised for its function?
Back
- biconcave shape provides a large surface area for gas exchange, -no nucleus so more room for haemoglobin (and oxygen)
Card 3
Front
How are epithelial cells specialised for their function?
Back
Card 4
Front
How are sperm cells specialised for their function?
Back
Card 5
Front
How are palisade mesophyll cells specialised for their function?
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