Specific/adaptive immunity!

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  • Created by: Izzy2807
  • Created on: 10-12-19 11:31
What are the two specific immune responses?
Cell mediated (T cells) and Humoral (antibody mediated)
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What do B and Th/Tc cells do?
B cells produce antibodies, Th cells help activate B cells, Tc cells directly attack the pathogen (cytotoxic chemicals)
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What are the 4 ways an antibody can help destroy a pathogen?
Neutralisation (antibody masks antigen, prevents it from binding to other cells), Aggultination (antigens all stuck together), Complement Fixation (antibodies trigger complement cascade), Precipitation (antibodies and soluble antigens interact)
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What are the 4 types on immunity? (Natural/Active)
Natural active (get infected), Natural passive (breast milk and placenta), Artificial active (vaccinations), Artificial passive (antibody solution taken in)
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How is Hep B transmitted?
Sexual transmission, during birth, sharing needles/any blood exchange
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Briefly outline the Humoral Response!
Pathogen detected due to PAMPs, macrophage englufs and phagocytoses it, presents antigen on membrane with MHC 2. Th cell recognizes, binds and secretes cytokines. B cell activated and divides into plasma B cells (produce antibodies) and memory cells
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How does Infliximab work? (drug)
Binds to TNF-Alpha protein, which usually causes inflammation. Those with too much TNF-A experience too much inflammation so infliximab inhibits its effect. Good for RA, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's
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Explain antigen presenting!
Macrophages recognise pathogen due to PAMPs. Macrophage engulfs pathogen, lysozymes break it down and presents antigen with a MHC
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What is immunosuppression and immunodeficiency?
IS is the partial/complete artificial suppression of a person's immune response (needed in organ transplants). ID is the same but it is caused by pathogens (e.g. HIV, Leukemia)
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What is an autoimmune disease and allergy?
When the immune system attacks the body's OWN cells (e.g RA, Diabetes, MS). An allergy is when the immune system responds to a substance that is non-pathogenic (usually causing inflammation)
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What is the basic structure of an antibody?
Heavy chain (inferior), Light chain (posterior). Constant region is inferior, variable region is posterior
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Where do most immune responses/reactions occur?
In the lymphatic system! The LS also removes excess fluid from interstitial fluid that has accumulated through capillary action
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What are the 4 classes of antibodies?
IgM Massive in blood – powerful IgG General workhorse in blood, leak easily IgA Acts at surfaces especially the gut, and milk IgE Explodes with mast cells to expel parasites also allergies! IgD Decides lymphocyte response - regulation
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How long are the primary and secondary immune responses?
P: 7 days. S: 2 days!
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Why do memory cells provide a quicker immune response the 2nd time?
They remember the antigen and divide by colonial expansion into plasma cells to secrete antibodies, cuts out the whole immune response...quicker and MORE antibodies produced!
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What do Tc cells do? Cell-Mediated response!
They bind to the antigen and release cytotoxic chemicals that cause cell lysis
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Why do lymph nodes become enlarged?
When there is a large immune response, lots of B cell and T cell colonial expansion. Also lots of fluid and debris from IR collected in lymphs!
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Why are MHC's so important?
Th and Tc cells will only bind to an antigen if it is presented with a MHC. This prevents the cells from binding to non-infected cells and destroying them!
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What is the function on tonsils?
The body’s first line of defense to inhaled invaders of the mouth and throat. Contain lymphocytes to kill pathogens before they can infect the body.
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What is the function of the thymus?
Where T cells develop and mature (hormone thymosin helps produce and mature T cells)
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What is the function of the spleen?
Stores a LOT of blood, so can detect blood pathogens and can produce lymphocytes. It recycles old RBCs into Haem and Globin.
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What is the function of Peyer's patches?
They monitor intestinal bacteria and contain lymphocytes to destroy pathogens if detected
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What is the function of the appendix?
Thought to be the resevoir for good gut bacteria
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do B and Th/Tc cells do?

Back

B cells produce antibodies, Th cells help activate B cells, Tc cells directly attack the pathogen (cytotoxic chemicals)

Card 3

Front

What are the 4 ways an antibody can help destroy a pathogen?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the 4 types on immunity? (Natural/Active)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How is Hep B transmitted?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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