the process by which cells become specialised for a specific function
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differentiated cells
cells specialised to carry out specific functions
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Adaptions of Erythrocytes
biconcave shape-increases SA to vol ratio-to maximise gaseous exchange 2)no nuclei-more space availiable for haemogloblin3)flexible-squeeze thru narrow capillaries
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Adaptions of Neutrophils(type of white blood cell)
1)Multi-lobed nucleus-easier for them to squeeze thru small gaps to get to site of infection 2)lots of lysosomes which have hydrolytic enzymes that can break down/digest pathogens
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Adaptions of Sperm Cell
1)Flagella-capable of swimming to the ovum(egg) 2)lots of mitochondria-supply energy for movement 3)head of sperm has digestive enzymes-digest protective layers around ovum-so sperm can fertilise ovum
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Adaptions of palisade cell
1)lots of chloroplasts-absorb lots of light for photosynthesis 2)rectangular-closely packed together to form a continuous layer 3)thin cell wall-increase rate of diffusion of CO24)large vacoule-maintain tugor pressure
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Adaptions of Root Hair Cell
1)root hairs-long extensions that increase surface area,to maximise water & mineral uptake from soil
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4 main types of animal tissue?
Nervous,Epithelial,Mucle & connective tissue
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Role of Nervous Tissue?
supports transmission of electrical impulses
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Role of Epithelial Tissue?
cover internal/external body surfaces
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Role of Muscle Tissue?
to contract
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Role of Connective Tissue?
hold together other tissues or acts as a transport medium
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Adaptations of Squamous Epithelium?
1)Flattened cells that form a thin,smooth,flat surface e.g.forms lining of lungs,alveoli,blood vessels-doesn't provide friction to blood & short diffusion pathway
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How is the Squamous Epithelium connected to connective tissue?
by a basement membrane-made of collagen & glycoproteins,secreted by epithelial cells
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Adaptations of Ciliated Epithelium?
made of ciliated epithelial cells-cilia waft mucus out of trachea by rhythmic wafting.Mucus is made by goblet cells located inbetween the ciliated cells
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Adaptions of Cartilage?
Cartilage is a flexible,firm connective tissue made of chondrocyte cells embedded in an extracellular matrix of elastin/collagen fibres.As it's firm & flexible-means it can prevent bones from rubbing togther
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Adaptions of muscle
able to move & still retain their structure-so made of lots of myofilaments->myofibril->muscle fibre(cell)->fascicle->muscle
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2 types of tissues found only in plants?
Epidermis(cover plant surfaces) & Vascular Tissue(transport of water & nutrients)
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Adaptations of Epidermis ?
single layer of closely packed cells that cover plant surface.1)covered by waxy cuticle-waterpoof & reduces water loss 2)have stomata for gaseous exchange
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tissue
a group of similar cells that perform a common function e.g.xylem tissue
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organ
a group of different tissues that work together to perform a function e.g.liver
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organ system
made of a no. of organs working together to perform a life function e.g digestive,cardiovascular & gaseous exchange system
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
differentiated cells
Back
cells specialised to carry out specific functions
Card 3
Front
Adaptions of Erythrocytes
Back
Card 4
Front
Adaptions of Neutrophils(type of white blood cell)
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