Spanish History Key Words

?
  • Created by: Tasc24
  • Created on: 27-10-15 14:23
Alumbrados
Illuminists, groups of mystics who minimised the role of the Church and of ceremonies.
1 of 63
Arbitristas
Writers who drew up arbitrios or proposals for economic and political reform.
2 of 63
Carrera de Indias
The trading voyage to and from America.
3 of 63
Censo
Annuity drawn from loans made to individuals or public bodies; there were various types of censos.
4 of 63
Chancillerias
Term applied to the Castilian high courts in Valladolid and Granada.
5 of 63
Ciutadans honrats
Honoured citizens, the highest civic rank, equal to nobility, granted by major towns in the Crown of Aragon, especially Barcelona.
6 of 63
Comunidades
The urban 'communities' of Castile, especially those who took part in the revolts of 1520; the persons taking part were Comuneros.
7 of 63
Concejo abierto
'Open council', the governing body of many towns and villages in Spain.
8 of 63
Conversos
Term applied particularly to Christianised Jews.
9 of 63
Corregidores
Crown-appointed civil governors in main Castilian towns.
10 of 63
Cortes
Political assemblies of the realms of Spain.
11 of 63
Diputacion
Standing committee of the Cortes, with members appointed from each estate. In Barcelona, the Diputacion, was also called the Generalitat.
12 of 63
Fueros
Local laws and privileges, applied especially to the non-Castilian parts of Spain.
13 of 63
Hidalgo
One having the status of nobility but without denoting rank.
14 of 63
Juros
Annuities paid out of state income for loans to the crown.
15 of 63
Letrados
University graduate in law, basis of the state bureaucracy.
16 of 63
Limpieza de sangre
'Purity of blood', freedom from taint of Jewish blood.
17 of 63
Mayorazago
Entail, settlement restricting the alienation of or succession to a noble estate.
18 of 63
Mesta
Castilian guild of sheep-owners.
19 of 63
Pecheros
Commoners, taxpayers
20 of 63
Regidor
Town councillor
21 of 63
Servicios
A 'service' or grant of taxes made by the Castilian Cortes.
22 of 63
Valido
Chief minister or 'favourite' in royal government.
23 of 63
Hermandad
Literally 'holy brotherhood'. It was a type of military peacekeeping association of armed individuals.
24 of 63
Convivencia
This meant 'living together' and was the ideal that Catholics, Muslims, and Jews could live together peacefully. It was the opposite of Reconquista.
25 of 63
Moriscos
Term used by the government to denote Moors who had converted to Christianity. Often persecuted by the Inquisition.
26 of 63
Conquistador
The name given to a person who literally conquered the New World. For example, Christopher Columbus and Hernando Cortes.
27 of 63
Viceroy
Individuals appointed to rule in place of the sovereign during the sovereign's absence.
28 of 63
Meseta
Central plateau in Spain surrounded by high mountain ranges. Located in Castile.
29 of 63
Calatrava
Chivalric order that Ferdinand became Grand Master of in 1487.
30 of 63
Reconquista
The series of military campaigns in which Christian armies reclaimed control of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors.
31 of 63
Cortes Generales
Name given to the event when the three Cortes of Aragon met at the same time in the same city.
32 of 63
Justicia
A law officer with wide ranging powers who could not be removed from office by the King.
33 of 63
Pueblos
Small towns or communities. The idea of convivencia often still existed in these settlements.
34 of 63
Mudejars
Any of the Muslims who remained in Spain after the Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula.
35 of 63
Montesta, and St. John
Two great religious orders of knights established in Aragon during the Medieval period.
36 of 63
Grandees
Spanish noblemen of the highest rank.
37 of 63
Santa Hermandad
This co-ordinated the work of the individual Hermandades.
38 of 63
Ordinary Taxes
These were collected on a regular basis. For example, the Alcabala tax and customs duties.
39 of 63
Extraordinary Taxes
These were one off taxes (which could be collected multiple times) or private sources of income. For example, military orders, Hermandades, Castilian Cortes, Papal grants, and loans.
40 of 63
Alcabala Tax
A sales tax of 10%.
41 of 63
Real
The base denomination equivalent to our pound. It was a silver coin. 34 Maravedis = 1 Real.
42 of 63
Maravedis
The smallest currency equivalent to pence. This was a copper coin.
43 of 63
Ducat
This was a gold coin. 375 Maravedis = 1 Ducat.
44 of 63
Titulos
As wealthy as Grandees but not as powerful.
45 of 63
Segundones
Lesser sons of Grandees or Titulos who would not inherit land or titles.
46 of 63
Bourgeois
Merchants and traders who were not nobles but usually seeking to become noble.
47 of 63
Audiencia
A court of appeal.
48 of 63
Auto de fé
A public ceremony ('act of faith') where the inquisition announced its sentences for those it found guilty.
49 of 63
Alcantara
Chivalric order that Ferdinand became Grand Master of in 1494.
50 of 63
Santiago
Chivalric order that Ferdinand became Grand Master of in 1476.
51 of 63
Moors
Muslims from North Africa living predominantly in Granada.
52 of 63
Pogrom
Officially ordered persecution and massacre of a minority group, especially Jews.
53 of 63
Cruzada
A tax, or money offering, which was earmarked for the Christian crusades against the Muslims.
54 of 63
Indulgences
The remission granted by the Church of the temporal punishments due to sins already forgiven e.g. penitents who had to recite a great number of prayers could have this reduced by an indulgence.
55 of 63
Ordinances
Decrees issued by the monarchs.
56 of 63
Pragmaticas
Laws which the two monarchs issued without going through the Cortes of Castile but still had to be obeyed by the inhabitants of Castile.
57 of 63
Laity
People who are not of the clergy.
58 of 63
Usury
The lending of money at unreasonably high rates of interest.
59 of 63
Entail
Legal measure indicating to whom a landed estate could be bequeathed; confirmed by law in 1505.
60 of 63
Polygot Bible
A version of the Bible that contains side-by-side versions of the same text in a number of different languages (Hebrew, Latin, Greek).
61 of 63
Papal Bull
A document issued by the Pope.
62 of 63
Tithe
One-tenth of annual production or earnings given to the Church.
63 of 63

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Writers who drew up arbitrios or proposals for economic and political reform.

Back

Arbitristas

Card 3

Front

The trading voyage to and from America.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Annuity drawn from loans made to individuals or public bodies; there were various types of censos.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Term applied to the Castilian high courts in Valladolid and Granada.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar History resources:

See all History resources »See all Spain 1474-1700 resources »