Space and Place

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Advanced Countries (ACs)
Countries that share a number of important economic development characteristics, including well-developed financial markets, high degrees of financial intermediation and diversified economic structures with rapidly growing service sectors.
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Capitalist
The socio-economic system in which the production of goods and services takes place to generate profit. A key driving force in the system is people's desire for gain and self-interest.
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Core Regions
An area where high economic activity is concentrated and living standards are relatively high.
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Deindustrialisation
The process of social and economic change which is due to the reduction in industrial capacity or the activities of a country's manufacturing and heavy industry.
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Deprivation
When a person's well-being falls below a generally regarded medium. A range of factors is usually included to measure this such as employment, housing, health and education.
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Emerging and Developing Countries (EDCs)
Countries that do not share all the economic development characteristics required to be advanced, and also are not eligible for the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust, identified by IMF.
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Gentrification
Process by which former low-income inner city housing districts in ACs are invaded by higher-income groups and refurbished.
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Integrated computer tools for gathering, storing, processing and analysing geographical data that can be plotted on maps.
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Ghettos
Concentration of people with similar socio-economic, cultural, or ethnic background within a well-defined small part of an urban area.
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Global Shift
The locational movement of manufacturing production in particular from ACs to EDCs and LIDCs from the 1970s onwards.
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Globalisation
The growing integration and interdependence of people's lives in a complex process with economic, social (cultural), political and environmental components.
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Global Village
The whole world considered as being closely connected by modern telecommunications as being interdependent economically, socially and politically.
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Housing Tenure
The system under which housing is occupied, e.g. owner-occupiers or tenants renting from a landlord.
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Informal Sector
Those parts of economy outside official recognition and record. People do not need formal qualifications to be employed in it, neither is there regulation of it.
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Interconnectedness
Is part of a worldview, which sees oneness in all things. The concept is linked to the idea of a 'global village'.
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Interdependence
Interrelationships between ACs, EDCs and LIDCs through trade, FDI, foreign aid and migration.
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Inward Flow of Investment
Is the injection of money from an external source into a region/area.
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Knowledge Ecomomy
Wealth creating activities that gather, store and analyse knowledge, e.g. high-tech manufacturing, finance, telecommunications, business services, design, education and health.
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Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs)
Countries that are eligible for financial support from the IMF through the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust.
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Millenium Development Goals (MDGs)
Targets set by the UN in 2000 to improve people's lives in areas such as child mortality, gender equality, poverty and hunger.
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Multinational Corporation (MNCs)
A firm with the power to co-ordinate and control operations in several countries.
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Multiplier Effect
The process by which a new or expanding economic activity in an area creates additional employment as its employees have money to spend on goods and services. The wealth of an area increases and more economic activity is generated.
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New International Division of Labour (NIDL)
Reorganisation of production at the global scale, as a result of deindustrialisation in ACs and the global spread of MNCs. This has produced an overall pattern of higher-paid managerial jobs in ACs and lower-paid labouring jobs in LIDCs.
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Objective
(Of a person or their judgement) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.
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Perception
Culture, personal background and socio-economic level that influences a person's understanding of the geography of their local area.
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Periphery
The periphery are those countries that are not reaping the benefits of global wealth and globalisation. Factors include: lack of investment, net migration loss and harsher climates.
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Place
Is more than just a location and can be described as a location created by human experiences (meaning). Both location and meaning creates a place.
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Players (Stakeholders)
Individual or organisation with an interest and/or influence in actions, decisions or operations of an organisation.
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Post-Industrial
A society and economy no longer dominated by the secondary sector but one where the great majority of people are involved in tertiary activites.
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Primary Sector
Economic activities that produce food, fuel and raw materials, e.g. agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying and water supplies.
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Quality of Life
The extent to which people's needs and desires (social, physical or psychological) are met.
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Quaternary Sector
Economic activities that provide services to other economic activities, e.g. finance, research and development, advertising and consultancy.
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Rebranding
Developments aimed at changing negative perceptions of a place, making it more attractive to investment.
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Regeneration
The investment of capital and ideas into an area to revitalise and renew its socio-economic and environmental status.
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Reimaging
Developments associated with rebranding and usually involving cultural, artistic and sporting elements.
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Secondary Sector
Economic materials involving manufacturing industries, e.g. processing raw materials, making semi-finished and finished goods.
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Social Inequality
The unequal distribution of factors such as income, education or health across a population.
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Space
A location which has no social connections for a human being. No value/meaning has been attributed to this space.
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Spatial Inequality
The unequal distribution of factors such as income, education or health across GEOGRAPHIC SPACE at any scale.
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Standard of Living
The ability to access services and goods. This includes basics such as food and water, clothes, housing and personal mobility.
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Subjective
Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes or opinions.
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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
These are inter-governmentally agreed set of 17 targets relating to international development to improve people's lives in areas such as poverty, inequality and injustice alongside tackling climate change by 2030. The SDGs replaced the MDGs in 2015.
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Tertiary Sector
Economic activities providing services, e.g. education and health, legal, financial, insurance and government.
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Time-Space Compression
A set of processes leading to a 'shrinking world' caused by reductions in the relative distance between places, e.g. travel-time.
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Transnational Corporation (TNCs)
Very large company with factories and offices in more than one country, which markets products and services worldwide.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The socio-economic system in which the production of goods and services takes place to generate profit. A key driving force in the system is people's desire for gain and self-interest.

Back

Capitalist

Card 3

Front

An area where high economic activity is concentrated and living standards are relatively high.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The process of social and economic change which is due to the reduction in industrial capacity or the activities of a country's manufacturing and heavy industry.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

When a person's well-being falls below a generally regarded medium. A range of factors is usually included to measure this such as employment, housing, health and education.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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