see individuals as having free will and choice, and the power to create society through their actions and interactions, rather than being shaped by society
action theories
1 of 19
where an individual or group feels socially isolated and estranged because they lack the power to control their lives and realise their true potential
alienation
2 of 19
normlessness
anomie
3 of 19
abstinence, self-discipline and self-denial
asceticism
4 of 19
the capitalist class - the owners of means of production
bourgeoisie
5 of 19
the view that the criminal justice system is biased in favour of women, so that they are less likely than men to be charged, convicted or punished
the chivalry thesis
6 of 19
large bureaucratic organisatons, often with millions of members, run by a formal hierarchy of professional priests and claiming a monopoly of the truth
churches
7 of 19
a belief system that attaches sacred qualities to society itself and makes the nation-state the object of religious or quasi-religious worship
civil religion
8 of 19
the shared norms, values, beliefs and knowledge that make cooperation between individuals possible - integrates society by giving individuals a sense of belonging to something greater than themselves
collective conscience
9 of 19
according to Stark and Bainbridge, when real rewards are scarce or unobtainable, religion compensates us by promising supernatural ones - e.g.: immortality as it is unobtainable
compensators
10 of 19
a neo-Marxist approach that combines ideas from traditional Marxism and labelling theory to explain crime in capitalist society
critical criminology
11 of 19
loose-knit and usually small religious or spiritual groups of individuals with similar interest
cults
12 of 19
where religion provides a focal point for the defence of national, ethnic or other group identity in a struggle against an external force such as a hostile foreign power
cultural defence
13 of 19
the process of moving from one culture to another
cultural transition
14 of 19
those things that are learnt and shared by a society or group and transmitted from generation to generation through socialisation, including shared norm, values, knowledge, beliefs and skills
culture
15 of 19
religious organisations that lie midway between churches and sects - e.g.: Methodism
denominations
16 of 19
the idea that humans have no free will and that their thoughts and behaviour are shaped or caused by factors outside themselves, such as the social structure
determinism
17 of 19
behaviour that does not conform to the norms of a society or group - a social contruction
deviance
18 of 19
the process whereby attempts to control deviance actually produce an increase in deviance leading to greater attempts at control and still higher levels of deviance
deviance amplification spiral
19 of 19
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
where an individual or group feels socially isolated and estranged because they lack the power to control their lives and realise their true potential
Back
alienation
Card 3
Front
normlessness
Back
Card 4
Front
abstinence, self-discipline and self-denial
Back
Card 5
Front
the capitalist class - the owners of means of production
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