Sociology lecture 7

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What is the underlying construct?
What someone is really like
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What is observer judgement?
The impression you get of what someone is like
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If the observers judgement is the same as the underlying construct then what is the observer?
Accurate
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What is cue validity?
Are the cues good cues? As to what someone is like
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What is cue utilisation?
Are we using and understanding the cues as to what someone is like
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How do cue validity and cue utilisation affect accurate impressions of people?
It is important that the cues are accurate and that we use them properly in order to gain an understanding of what someone is like
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What affects our impressions of people?
Appearance, salient/novel features,
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Do we judge attractive people more accurately?
Yes, thought because we pay more attention to them so we are better at picking up the cues.
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What is fundamental attribution error?
When the situation influences how someone acts which then influences your impression of someone
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What are schemas?
Mental structures people use to organise their knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects and that influence the information people notice, think about and remember.
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What do we have schemas of?
People in general, specific people, ourself, groups, social roles, social interactions
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What are stereotypes?
The same as schema's but specifically about people. Mental structures people use to organise their knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects and that influence the information people notice, think about and remember.
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How are schemas limiting?
We often don't notice anything which isn't in our schemas, they are limiting.
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How are schemas wrong?
They often can be wrong as they are broad and general
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How are schemas bad?
They can lead to prejudice, when we have no time to think we might act solely on schema's/stereotypes.
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What sort of stereotypes do we have?
Stereotypes about gender and race, socioeconomic status, age, sexual orientation , weight
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What is sexism?
Beliefs about differences between men and women
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What is hostile sexism?
Women are a threat to men's positions
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What is benevolent sexism?
Women are necessary for men's happiness, and are superior in manyways
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What is ambivalent sexism?
Someone contains both positive and negative attitudes towards women
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What happens are women are exposed to benevolent sexism?
They endorse the status quo more
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Can racial stereotypes be benevolent?
Yes
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Are positive stereotypes good?
No, study where asian was told they were good at math, rated the person who stereotyped them more negatively, experienced greater negative emotions and reported a sense of being depersonalised.
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Where do we get stereotypes according to the evolutionary perspective?
We need to know if someone is a friend, foe or if they can hurt us.
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What is the stereotype content model?
We have two dimensions in which we judge people, warmth and competence.
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How do we feel about people who are average competence and low warmth according to the stereotype content model?
That they will cause us active harm
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How do we feel about people who are low competence and average warmth according to the stereotype content model?
That they might cause us passive harm
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How do we feel about people who are low competence and low warmth according to the stereotype content model?
Contempt
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How do we feel about people who are high competence and low warmth according to the stereotype content model?
Envy
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How do we feel about people who are low competence and high warmth according to the stereotype content model?
Pity
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How do we feel about people who are high competence and high warmth according to the stereotype content model?
Admiration
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How do we feel about people who are average competence and high warmth according to the stereotype content model?
Active facilitation (don't know what it means)
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How do we feel about people who are high competence and average warmth according to the stereotype content model?
Passive facilitation (don't know what it means)
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Why do we have stereotypes according to the cognitive perspective?
Less work, allows us to make decisions in times of dander, we have limited cognitive resources, it allows us to take mental shortcuts.
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What is the dual-process model?
We have stereotypes even if we don't believe them, argues we have stereotypes because they help us cognitively, there are two process automatic and controlled.
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What are the two processes in the dual-process model?
Automatic and controlled
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What is the automatic process?
We have automatic processes which activate stereotypes,
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What is the controlled process?
controlled processes where we can disregard them and lessen the impact on our behaviour
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Why do we have sterotypes according to the social/cultural perspective?
We want things to make sense, so we apply stereotypes in order to help us make sense in the world, we've seen it before so we know what to do. We don't care if we are wrong.
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What is the outgroup social/cultural sterotype theory?
We know ourselves really well but we do not know other people well so we simplify them into being all the same (outgroup) but we are all different.
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Why do stereotypes make us feel good (social/cultural theory)?
We stereotype because it makes us feel good and that makes us feel better which is why we do negative stereotypes to support our self-esteem.
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Why do stereotypes make us feel like we belong (social/cultural theory)?
Social identity theory - we have a tenancy to categorise the world, being part of a group gives us a social identity and effects our self esteem. We prefer the groups we are in as opposed to the ones we are not. We have in-group bias,
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What is in-group bias?
When we have more positive feelings towards people in our group.
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What did a study on in-group/out-groups show?
People are willing to penalise their group to make sure they get more than the other group
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What makes our distinction between our in/out group stronger?
When we feel like we have chosen our group
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What makes us favour our group more?
The more we identify it
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Why do we favour in-groups?
Because it boots our self-esteem
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When are we more likely to discriminate against out-groups?
When we feel threatened
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What is outgroup homogeneity?
Feeling that out-groups are more similar to each other and are not different.
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What is stereotype threat?
Even if you haven't been stereotyped against, thinking about belonging to a stereotyped group can affect your academic performance.
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Why do we get stereotype threat?
People worry that they will act and confirm the stereotype of the group they belong in, this takes up mental resources as people worry about it.
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What are the consequences of stereotypes?
lead to prejudice, deny people individuality, poor communication, stereotype threat
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is observer judgement?

Back

The impression you get of what someone is like

Card 3

Front

If the observers judgement is the same as the underlying construct then what is the observer?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is cue validity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is cue utilisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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